Section- 1
Synonymous words:
1.APPLAUD, CHEER, APPRECIATE, PRAISE, COMMEND, ADMIRE - ...................
2.APPOINT, DESIGNATE, NOMINATE - ...................
3.WET, DAMP, MOIST, DANK, HUMID - ...................
4.APPREHEND, COMPREHEND, UNDERSTAND, GRASP - ...................
5.APPREHENSION, FOREBODING, PRESENTIMENT, MISGIVING - ...................
6.APPROPRIATE, ARROGATE, COMMANDEER, CONFISCATE, PREEMPT, USURP - ...................
7.APPROVE, ENDORSE, SANCTION, CERTIFY, ACCREDIT, RATIFY - ...................
8.ARBITRARY, CAPRICIOUS, WHIMSICAL - ...................
9.AREA, REGION, BELT, ZONE, DISTRICT, LOCALITY - ...................
10.ARGUE, QUARREL, WRANGLE, SQUABBLE, BICKER - ...................
11.ARGUMENT, DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY - ...................
12.ARGUMENTATIVE, COMBATIVE, CONTENTIOUS, DISPUTATIOUS, QUARRELSOME, SCRAPPY - ...................
13.ARRANGE, ORDER, ORGANISE, SORT, SYSTEMATIZE - ...................
14.WEIRD, EERIE, UNCANNY, UNEARTHLY - ...................
15.ARTIFICE, TRICK, RUSE, WILE, FEINT, STRATAGEM, MANEUVER - ...................
16.ARTIFICIAL, SYNTHETIC, ERSATZ, SIMULATED - ...................
17.ASK, QUESTION, INQUIRE, QUERY, INTERROGATE, EXAMINE, QUIZ - ...................
18.ASSENT, AGREE, ACCEDE, ACQUIESCE, CONSENT, CONCUR, SUBSCRIBE - ...................
19.ASSERT, ASSEVERATE, DECLARE, AFFIRM, AVER, AVOW - ...................
20.ASSIGN, ALLOT, APPORTION, ALLOCATE - ...................
21.ASSISTANT, AIDE, COADJUTANT, HELPER, LIEUTENANT, SECOND - ...................
22.ATTACK, BOMBARD, ASSAIL, STORM, ASSAULT, BESET - ...................
23.ATTRIBUTE, ASCRIBE, IMPUTE, CREDIT, ASSIGN, REFER - ...................
24.AUTHENTIC, BONA FIDE, GENUINE, REAL, TRUE, UNDOUBTED, UNQUESTIONABLE - ...................
25.AUTHORIZE, ACCREDIT, COMMISSION, EMPOWER, LICENSE - ...................
26.AVERAGE, MEDIUM, MEDIOCRE, FAIR, MIDDLING - ...................
27.AWARE, COGNIZANT, CONSCIOUS, SENSIBLE, AWAKE, ALERT, WATCHFUL, VIGILANT - ...................
28.AWKWARD, CLUMSY, MALADROIT, INEPT, GAUCHE, UNGAINLY - ...................
29.BALANCE, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUIPOISE, POISE - ...................
30.BAND, COMPANY, CORPS, PARTY, TROOP, TROUPE - ...................
31.BANISH, EXILE, EXPATRIATE, DEPORT, TRANSPORT, EXTRADITE - ...................
32.BANTER, CHAFF, JOSH, KID, RAG, RAZZ, RIB - ...................
33.BARGAIN, COMPACT, CONTRACT, COVENANT, DEAL - ...................
34.BARRAGE, BOMBARD, PEPPER, SHOWER - ...................
35.BASE, BASIS, FOUNDATION, GROUND, GROUNDWORK - ...................
36.BATTER, MAIM, MANGLE, MAUL, MUTILATE - ...................
37.BREATHE, EXIST, LIVE, SUBSIST - ...................
38.BEAR, ENDURE, STAND, ABIDE, SUFFER, TOLERATE - ...................
39.BEARING, MANNER, DEMEANOR, MIEN, PRESENCE - ...................
40.BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY, PRETTY, HANDSOME, COMELY, FAIR - ...................
41.BEG, CRAVE, BESEECH, IMPLORE, ENTREAT, IMPORTUNE - ...................
42.BEGIN, COMMENCE, START, INITIATE, INAUGURATE - ...................
43.BEGINNING, BIRTH, DAWN, GENESIS, NASCENCE, RISE - ...................
44.BEHAVIOR, CONDUCT, DEPORTMENT - ...................
45.BELIEF, CREDENCE, FAITH, TRUST - ...................
46.BELLIGERENT, BELLICOSE, PUGNACIOUS, CONTENTIOUS, QUARRELSOME - ...................
47.BEND, CROOK, CURVE, ROUND - ...................
48.BENEFICIAL, PROFITABLE, ADVANTAGEOUS - ...................
49.BENEFIT, PROFIT, ADVANTAGE, GAIN - ...................
50.BENEVOLENT, CHARITABLE, BENIGN, PHILANTHROPIC - ...................
Note- Though the words are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different. Please, consult a good dictionary to know them!
Section- 2
One word substitution:
1.A number of stars grouped together- Constellation - ...................
2.A paper written by hand- Manuscript - ...................
3.A part of a word that can be pronounced separately- Syllable - ...................
4.A person coming to a foreign land to settle there- Immigrant - ...................
5.A person devoted to sensual enjoyment, especially that derived from fine food and drink- Epicurean - ...................
6.A person eighty years of age- Octogenarian - ...................
7.A person in a vehicle or on horseback escorting another vehicle- Outrider - ...................
8.A person interested in collecting, studying and selling of old things- Antiquarian - ...................
9.A person interested in reading books and nothing else- Book-worm - ...................
10.A person not sure of the existence of God- Agnostic - ...................
11.A person of good understanding knowledge and reasoning power- Intellectual - ...................
12.A person who believes that only selfishness motivates human actions- Cynic - ...................
13.A person who breaks into houses in order to steal- Burglar - ...................
14.A person who brings goods illegally into the country- Smuggler - ...................
15.A person who devotes his/her life for the welfare of others- Altruist - ...................
16.A person who does not believe in any religion- Pagan - ...................
17.A person who gambles or bets- Punter - ...................
18.A person who helps even a stranger in difficulty- Samaritan - ...................
19.A person who insists on something- Stickler - ...................
20.A person who is always hopeful and looks upon the brighter side of things- Optimist - ...................
21.A person who is fluent in two languages- Bilingual - ...................
22.A person who is greatly respected because of wisdom- Venerable - ...................
23.A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs- Martyr - ...................
24.A person who is skilled in horsemanship- Equestrian - ...................
25.A person who is unable to pay debts- Insolvent - ...................
26.A person who is well known in an unfavourable way- Notorious - ...................
27.A person who is working in the same institution- Colleague - ...................
28.A person who kills somebody especially for political reasons- Assassin - ...................
29.A person who knows many foreign languages- Linguist - ...................
30.A person who lives by himself- Recluse - ...................
31.A person who loves mankind- Philanthropist - ...................
32.A person who never takes alcoholic drinks- Teetotaller - ...................
33.A person who opposes war or use of military force- Pacifist - ...................
34.A person who pretends to be what he is not- Impostor - ...................
35.A person who supports or speaks in favour of something- Advocate - ...................
36.A person who thinks only about himself and not about others needs- Egocentric - ...................
37.A person who travels to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion- Pilgrim - ...................
38.A person who tries to deceive people by claiming to be able to do wonderful things- Trickster - ...................
39.A person who writes decoratively- Calligrapher - ...................
40.A person with a long experience of any occupation- Veteran - ...................
41.A person without training or experience in a skill or subject- Novice - ...................
42.A person worship only one God- Monotheist - ...................
43.A person's peculiar habit- Idiosyncrasy - ...................
44.A picture of a person or a thing drawn in such a highly exaggerated manner to cause a laughter- Caricature - ...................
45.A place of good climate for invalids- Sanatorium - ...................
46.A place of permanent residence- Domicile - ...................
47.A place where all religions are honoured- Secular - ...................
48.A place where bees are kept- Apiary - ...................
49.A place where birds are kept- Aviary - ...................
50.A place where clothes are kept- Wardrobe - ...................
Section- 3
Idioms and phrases:
1.A big cheese- an important or a powerful person in a group or family - ...................
2.At the crack of the dawn- very early in morning - ...................
3.A cuckoo in the nest- someone in a group of people but not liked by them. - ...................
4.A litmus test- a method which clearly proves something - ...................
5.As the crow flies- measuring distance between two places in a straight line. - ...................
6.A dead letter- an argument or law not followed by anyone. - ...................
7.At the drop of the hat- immediately, without delay, without any hesitation - ...................
8.An early bird- someone who gets early in the morning - ...................
9.An educated guess- a guess which was likely to get corrected - ...................
10.A queer fish- a strange person - ...................
11.A wake-up call- an event done to warn someone - ...................
12.A worm’s eye view- having very little knowledge about something - ...................
13.A witch hunt- an attempt to find and punish those who have options that are believed to be dangerous - ...................
14.At the heels of- to follow someone - ...................
15.A dish fit for Gods- something of very high quality - ...................
16.A game of two equal halves- used for saying that a situation could end very differently from the way it seems to be developing now - ...................
17.Afraid of one’s own shadow- to become easily frightened - ...................
18.Against the clock- to be in a hurry to do something before a particular time - ...................
19.Air one’s dirty laundry- to make public something embarrassing that should be kept secret. - ...................
20.An arm and a leg- a large amount of money - ...................
21.Appear out of now here- to appear suddenly without warning. - ...................
22.Asleep at the switch- not to be alert on opportunity - ...................
23.At the bottom of the ladder- at the lowest level - ...................
24.A house of cards- a poor plan - ...................
25.A boon in disguise- a benefit in loss - ...................
26.A nine days wonder- pleasure for a short time - ...................
27.A bit under the weather- falling ill - ...................
28.Bend your ears- to talk to someone for a very long time about something boring - ...................
29.Bite your tongue- to stop yourself from saying something because it would be better not to - ...................
30.Black and blue- full of bruises - ...................
31.Be above board- to be honest and legal - ...................
32.Be bouncing off the walls- excited and full of nervous energy - ...................
33.Bow and scrap- try too hard to please someone in a position of authority - ...................
34.Brass monkey weather- extremely cold weather - ...................
35.Be tailor made- to be completely suitable for someone. - ...................
36.Between the devil and deep blue sea- a type of situation where you must choose between two equally unpleasant situations - ...................
37.Be in the doldrums- not very successful or nothing new is taking place - ...................
38.Beat the drum- to speak eagerly about something you support - ...................
39.Be on the edge- to be nervous or worried about something - ...................
40.Be at each other’s throat- two persons arguing angrily - ...................
41.Batten down the hatches- to prepare for trouble - ...................
42.Bent on doing- to be determined to do something - ...................
43.Back to square one- to reach again to the starting point - ...................
44.Back to the salt mines- back to one's job or daily work, especially when it is very hard or unpleasant - ...................
45.Ball of fire- active and energetic - ...................
46.Beat one’s head against the wall- to try to do something that is hopeless - ...................
47.Beat one’s brain out- to work hard - ...................
48.Begin to see the light- to begin to understand - ...................
49.Behind closed doors- done in secret - ...................
50.Bet on the wrong horse- to misread the future - ...................
Section- 4
Verb/ adj./ noun+ preposition combinations:
1.accuse someone of (doing) something - His mother accused him of eating the entire cake. - ...................
2.convict someone of (doing) something - Johnson was convicted of armed robbery. - ...................
3.remind someone of (doing) something / someone - Peter reminded me of Tom. - ...................
4.suspect someone of (doing) something - The police suspect Agnes of breaking into the bank. - ...................
5.be on something / someone - She is on Peter to do his best. - ...................
6.base something on something - I base my conclusions on market research. - ...................
7.blame something on someone - She blames the lack of interest on the teacher's poor explanation. - ...................
8.concentrate something on (doing) something - They concentrate their efforts on improving the infrastructure. - ...................
9.congratulate someone on (doing) something - Tom congratulated Lisa on getting her diploma. - ...................
10.decide against something - I've decided against helping him. - ...................
11.depend on someone / (doing) something - We depend on our customers' suggestions. - ...................
12.elaborate on (doing) something - Can you elaborate on the process? - ...................
13.impose on someone - The mother imposed severe restrictions on her daughter. - ...................
14.insist on something / someone doing something - I insist on Peter's studying every day for two hours. - ...................
15.pride oneself on (doing) something - I like to pride myself on my ability to concentrate. - ...................
16.answer to someone - I answer to Ms Smith. - ...................
17.appeal to someone - Let me appeal to you for your help in this matter. - ...................
18.apply oneself to (doing) something - I think you should apply yourself to getting a degree. - ...................
19.apply to something - He applied glue to the board. - ...................
20.attend to (doing) something - Chris attended to doing the grocery shopping. - ...................
21.attribute something to someone - Professor Samson attributes this painting to Leonardo. - ...................
22.be resigned to (doing) something - I'm resigned to not having any success in that field. - ...................
23.commit oneself to (doing) something - She committed herself to finding a new job. - ...................
24.confess to (doing) something - The boy confessed to stealing the apple. - ...................
25.devote oneself to (doing) something - I'm going to devote myself to playing the piano after I retire. - ...................
26.prefer one thing to another thing - I prefer roast potatoes to French fries. - ...................
27.react to something - He reacted poorly to the news. - ...................
28.refer to (doing) something - Please refer to your notes. - ...................
29.refer someone to someone - I referred Ken to Doctor Jones. - ...................
30.resort to (doing) something - Please don't resort to violence. - ...................
31.see to (doing) something - I'll see to those chores. - ...................
32.acquaint someone with something - I acquainted Mary with French cuisine. - ...................
33.associate something with (doing) someone - Susan associates chocolate with childhood. - ...................
34.be faced with (doing) something - She's faced with working overtime this weekend. - ...................
35.charge someone with (doing) something - The officer charged Mr Smith with blackmail. - ...................
36.clutter with something - The room was cluttered with paper. - ...................
37.coincide with something - My birthday coincides with a national holiday. - ...................
38.collide with something - The car collided with a truck and blocked traffic. - ...................
39.comply with something - He complies with each and every order. - ...................
40.confront someone with something - I confronted Vivian with the evidence. - ...................
41.confuse someone / something with someone / something - I'm afraid I confused you with someone else. - ...................
42.cram with something - My closed is crammed with dirty clothes! - ...................
43.deal with someone / (doing) something - I can't deal with so much overtime. - ...................
44.discuss something with someone - I'd like to discuss our next conference with the boss. - ...................
45.ingratiate oneself with someone - Ingratiate yourself with the headmaster and your life with be easy! - ...................
46.meet with something - The congressman met with strong opposition to his plan. - ...................
47.plead with someone - He plead with his teacher to give him one more chance. - ...................
48.provide someone with something - The instructor provided the students with a number of examples. - ...................
49.tamper with something - Do not tamper with this equipment. - ...................
50.trust someone with something - I trust Bob with all of my financial information. - ...................
Section- 5
Unusual plural nouns:
SINGULAR [-A]- PLURAL [-AE]*
1.formula- formulae - ...................
2.larva- larvae - ...................
3.nebula- nebulae - ...................
4.alga- algae - ...................
5.amoeba- amoebae - ...................
6.antenna- antennae - ...................
7.larva-larvae - ...................
8.vita- vitae - ...................
9.vertebra- vertebrae - ...................
10.alumna- alumnae [Feminine] - ...................
SINGULAR [-US]- PLURAL [-I]*
11.alumnus- alumni [Masculine] - ...................
12.bacillus- bacilli - ...................
13.focus- foci - ...................
14.nucleus- nuclei - ...................
15.octopus- octopii - ...................
16.radius- radii - ...................
17.terminus- termini - ...................
18.cactus- cacti - ...................
19.fungus- fungi - ...................
20.stimulus- stimuli - ...................
21.syllabus- syllabi - ...................
SINGULAR [-US]- PLURAL [-A]*
22.corpus- corpora - ...................
23.genus- genera - ...................
SINGULAR [-UM]- PLURAL [-A]*
24.aquarium- aquaria - ...................
25.agendum- agenda - ...................
26.spectrum- spectra - ...................
27.erratum- errata - ...................
28.medium- media - ...................
29.stratum- strata - ...................
31.memorandum- memoranda - ...................
32.curriculum- curricula - ...................
33.datum- data - ...................
SINGULAR [-IS]- PLURAL [-ES]
34.analysis- analyses - ...................
35.basis- bases - ...................
36.crisis- crises - ...................
37.axis- axes - ...................
38.diagnosis- diagnoses - ...................
39.ellipsis- ellipses - ...................
40.oasis- oases - ...................
SINGULAR [-ON]- PLURAL [-A]*
41.phenomenon- phenomena - ...................
SINGULAR [-X]- PLURAL [-ES]*
42.appendix- appendices - ...................
43.index- indices - ...................
44.matrix- matrices - ...................
45.apex- apexes or apices - ...................
46.vortex- vortices or vortexes - ...................
SINGULAR [-OS]- PLURAL [-ES]*
47.rhinoceros- rhinoceroses/ rhinocerosses/ rhinoceri [non-standard]/ rhinocerotes[archaic] - ...................
SINGULAR [-A]- PLURAL [-ATA]
48.stigma- stigmata - ...................
49.stoma- stomata - ...................
SINGULAR [-EAU]- PLURAL [-EAUS]/ [-EAUX]
50.bureau- bureaux [BrE] or bureaus - ...................
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