Section- 1
Synonymous words:
1.BRAWL, BROIL, DONNYBROOK, FRACAS, MELEE, RUCTIONS- झगड़ा/ विवाद
2.BREAK, CRACK, FRACTURE, SPLIT, SPLINTER, SHATTER- चटकाना/ चीथड़े करना
3.CERTAIN, INESCAPABLE, INEVITABLE, SURE, UNAVOIDABLE- निश्चित
4.BRIGHT, BRILLIANT, RADIANT, LUSTROUS, LAMBENT, LUMINOUS, INCANDESCENT, EFFULGENT- चमकने वाला
5.CERTAINTY, CERTITUDE, ASSURANCE, CONVICTION- निश्चितता
6.CHOICE, ALTERNATIVE, OPTION- विकल्प
7.BRUTE, BRUTISH, BRUTAL, BEASTLY- जानवर की तरह/ जिसमें तर्क की कमी हो
8.BUILDING, STRUCTURE, EDIFICE- संरचना/ बिल्डिंग
9.HABITUATED, USED TO, HABITUAL, INVETERATE- जिसको कोई आदत हो
10.BULWARK, BARRICADE, EARTHWORK, RAMPART- बैरिकेड
11.CIRCUMFERENCE, PERIMETER, PERIPHERY- परिधि
12.BURDENSOME, ONEROUS, ARDUOUS, DEMANDING, EXACTING- जिसको करने में बहुत दम, योग्यता इत्यादि की आवश्यकता हो
13.BUSINESS, COMMERCE, TRADE- व्यापार
14.DOUGHTY, METTLESOME, DAUNTLESS, UNDAUNTED- बहादुर
15.INDUSTRIOUS, DILIGENT, ASSIDUOUS, SEDULOUS- मेहनती
16.CLEVER, INGENIOUS, SHREWD- चालक
17.CALCULATE, COMPUTE, RECKON- कैलकुलेशन करना
18.CALL, CONVENE, CONVOKE, MUSTER, SUMMON- बुलाना/ इकठ्ठा करना
19.CALM, TRANQUIL, PLACID, SERENE- शांत करना
20.CAMPAIGN, CRUSADE, DRIVE- कैंपेन
21.CAPRICE, WHIM, WHIMSY, IMPULSE- अचानक उत्पन्न हुई इच्छा/ अचानक सोच में बदलाव
22.CLOSE, IMMEDIATE, NEAR, NEARBY, PROXIMATE- निकट
23.CAREFUL, HEEDFUL, MINDFUL, OBSERVANT, WATCHFUL- ध्यान से कार्य करने वाला
24.CARESS, CUDDLE, FONDLE, PET- हाथ फेरना
25.COLLISION, CONCUSSION, CRASH, IMPACT, JAR, JOLT, SHOCK- टक्कर
26.COARSE, GROSS, INDELICATE, VULGAR, OBSCENE, RIBALD- भद्दा/ बुराई
27.CLOTHE, CLOAK, DRAPE, MANTLE, ROBE- कपड़ा, बर्फ इत्यादि जो ढके
28.CATCH, ENMESH, ENSNARE, ENTANGLE, ENTRAP, SNARE, TANGLE, TRAP- जाल
29.COMPLEX, COMPLICATED, INTRICATE, INVOLVED, TANGLED, KNOTTY- जटिल
30.CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE, VERIFY- सत्यापित/ पक्का करना
Note- Though the words are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different. Please, consult a good dictionary to know them!
Section- 2
One word substitution:
1.Act of deceiving somebody in order to make money- Fraud/ धोखा देना
2.Act of mercy killing- Euthanasia/ इच्छामृत्यु
3.Act of stealing in small quantities- Pilferage/ छोटी-2 मात्रा में चोरी करना
4.Action that is likely to make people very angry- Inflammatory/ भड़काऊ
5.All the arts, beliefs and social institutions etc, characteristics of a race- Civilization/ सभ्यता
6.Always ready to attack or quarrel- Aggressive/ आक्रामक
7.Amount of money demanded by kidnappers- Ransom/ फिरौती
8.An abandoned child of unknown parents who is found by somebody- Foundling/ कोई छोड़ा हुआ बच्चा जिसके मां- बाप का पटा न हो
9.An act of misappropriation of money- Embezzlement/ ग़बन
10.Design made by putting together coloured pieces of glass or stones- Mosaic/ रंगीन कांच या पत्थर से बनाई गयी डिज़ाइन
11.Detaining and confining someone- Internment/ नज़रबंदी
12.Detailed plan of a journey- Itinerary/ यात्रा कार्यक्रम
13.An area of land that is controlled by a ruler- Dominion/ अधिराज्य
14.An assembly of worshippers- Congregation/ मंडली
15.An emolument over and above fixed income or salary- Perquisite/ रिआयत
16.An established principle of practical wisdom- Maxim/ सिद्धांत
17.An excessively morbid desire to steal- Kleptomania/ चोरी करने की प्रबल इच्छा
18.An expression of mild disapproval- Reproof/ असहमति
19.An extract from a book of writing- Excerpt/ अंश/ खंड
20.An object or portion serving as a sample- Specimen/ नमूना
21.An obviously truth- Truism/ स्वयंसिद्ध सत्य
22.An underhand device resorted to in order to justify misconduct- Manoeuvre/ दांव/ चाल
23.An unexpected piece of good fortuneI- Windfall/ छप्पर फाड़ आय
24.Dissection of a dead body to find the cause of the death- Autopsy/ शव परीक्षण
25.Easy to shape in any desired from- Malleable/ जो किसी भी आकार में ढल जाए
26.Excessive preoccupation with one's health- Hypochondria/ ज़रूरत से अधिक अपने स्वास्थ्य के बारे में सोंचना
27.Animals that live in a particular region- Fauna/ किसी निश्चित क्षेत्र में मिलने वाले जानवर
28.Exclusive possession or control of anything- Monopoly/ एकाधिकार
29.Animals who live in herds- Gregarious/ झुण्ड में रहने वाले जानवर
30.Animals without backbone- Invertebrates/ जिनके रीढ़ की हड्डी न हो
31.Anything written in a letter after it is signed- Postscript/ हस्ताक्षर के बाद कुछ लिखना
32.Experts who scientifically study insects- Entomologists/ कीट अध्ययन करने वाले
33.Extreme old age when a man behaves like a fool- Dotage/ मतिक्षीणता
34.Belief or opinion contrary to what is generally accepted- Heresy/ विधर्म
35.Belief that God is in everything and that everything is God- Pantheism/ जो मानता हो कि हर चीज़ में भगवान है
36.Belonging to all parts of the world- Cosmopolitan/ विश्ववादी
37.Belief that war and violence are unjustified- Pacifism/ जो युद्ध/ हिंसा के खिलाफ हो
38.Body of a human being or animal embalmed for burial- Mummy/ लेप लगा किसी जानवर या इंसान का मृत शरीर जिसको दफनाया गया या दफनाया जाना हो
39.Call upon God or any other power (like law) for help or protection- Invocation/ आवाहन
40.Figure with many angles or sides- Polygon/ जिसके कई कोण एवं साइडें हों
41.Chanting of magic spells- Incantation/ मंत्र उच्चारण
42.Chief of a group of workmen- Foreman/ अधिकर्मी
43.Indirectly suggesting sth- Circumstantial/ जो किसी ओर इशारा करे
44.A procedure for how an activity should be performed- Protocol/ नियम एवं प्रोसीजर जो बतायें कि कोई एक्टिविटी कैसे परफॉर्म की जाए
45.Commencement of adjacent words with the same letter- Alliteration/ जब किसी वाक्य या फ्रेज़ में लगातार मौजूद शब्दों की शुरुआत किसी समान consonant sound से हो
e.g. Mohan made me mad.
e.g. Little Larry likes lollipop.
46.Feeling inside you which tells you what is right and what is wrong- Conscience/ अन्तरात्मा की आवाज़ जो सही- गलत बताये
47.Constant efforts to achieve something- Perseverance/ कुछ पाने के लिए लगातार प्रयास करना
48.Continuing fight between parties, families, clans, etc.- Feud/ विवाद/ झगड़ा
49.Deep in thought- Pensive/ ध्यानपरायण
50.Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on others- Sadism/ दूसरों को कष्ट देकर ख़ुशी रहना
Section- 3
Idioms/ phrases:
1.RUN DOWN- Criticise/ आलोचना करना
2.GO DOWN THE DRAIN- to be wasted/बरबाद होना/ व्यर्थ होना
3.WEAR HEART ON SLEEVES- Express feelings openly/ खुल कर फीलिंग्स ज़ाहिर करना
4.TO PAY OFF OLD SCORES- To refund old dues/ पुराना हिसाब चुकाना
5.TURN DOWN- Refuse/ मना करना
6.ON GOOD TERMS- Agree with someone/ सहमत होना
7.STEAL THE SHOW- Win everyone’s praise/ दिल जीत लेना
8.MEASURE UP- Reach the level/ बराबर होना
9.DOCTOR THE ACCOUNTS- To manipulate the accounts/ हिसाब में गड़बड़ी करना
10.IN LIEU OF- in place of/ के बदले
11.PULL UP- Reprimand/ डांटना
12.LOSE HEAD- to become very upset or angry/ बहुत गुस्सा होना
13.SIT IN JUDGEMENT [over sb/ sth]- To say whether or not someone or something is morally good, proper etc./ जज करना कि कोई व्यक्ति, कार्य इत्यादि नैतिक रूप से अच्छा, उचित इत्यादि है या नहीं
14.CRY OVER SPILT MILK- Cry over irreparable loss/ अब पछताय का होय जब चिड़िया चुग गयी खेत
15.CARROT AND STICK POLICY- Reward and punishment policy/ दाम और दंड की नीति
16.TO CUT ONE'S TEETH ON- To gain experience of something for the first time/ पहली बार अनुभव प्राप्त करना
17.CLOSE THE BOOK- Stop working on something/ कुछ करना बंद कर देना
18.BIRD’S EYE VIEW- a general view from above/ सरसरी नज़र
19.COME TO GRIEF- To suffer/ भुगतना
20.PULL STRINGS- Use personal influence/व्यक्तिगत प्रभाव का प्रयोग करना
21.SOUGHT AFTER- Wanted by many people because it’s of good quality or difficult to find / Pursued by many/ जो डिमांड में हो
22.BUILD CASTLES IN THE AIR- Daydreaming/ ख़याली पुलाव पकाना
23.ON THE SPUR OF THE MOMENT- To act suddenly, without planning/ तत्काल बिना प्लानिंग के
24.TO EXPLORE EVERY AVENUE To try every opportunity/ हर संभव तरीका जांचना
25.BY FAIR MEANS OR FOUL- To use any means to achieve something/ किसी भी तरह से
26.STATUS QUO- the present situation/ वर्तमान स्थिति
27.TO HIT THE JACKPOT- To make money quickly/ एकदम से पैसा कमाना
28.GO SCOT-FREE- To escape without punishment/ बिना सज़ा बचकर निकल जाना
29.SHED CROCODILE TEARS- To pretend grief/ घड़ियाली आंसूबहाना
30.TO MISS THE BUS- To miss an opportunity/ मौका गँवा देना
31.TO TAKE EXCEPTION TO STH/ SB- To object over something/ ऑब्जेक्शन उठाना
32.HIGH- HANDED- Using authority in an unreasonable way/ अनुचित रूप से अथॉरिटी का प्रयोग करना
33.LIKE THE SOUND OF ONE’S OWN VOICE- To enjoy hearing oneself talk because one is pompous and/or self-centered/ खुद बोलते रहना और आनंद प्राप्त करना
34.HEART TO HEART TALK- A discussion that is honest and open, without any attempt to hide emotions/ खुलकर की जाने वाली बातचीत
35.GIVE THE GAME AWAY- Give out the secret (unintentionally)/ गलती से उजागर करना
36.TAKE CUE FROM- behave in the same way as someone else/ वैसा ही करना जो किसी ने किया हो
38.END UP IN SMOKE- Come to nothing / Useless/ कोई परिणाम न निकलना
39.SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE- Spread rapidly/ जंगल की आग की तरह फैलना
40.DROPPING LIKE FLIES- to become ill or die over a short period of time and in large numbers/ बड़ी संख्या में कम समय में बीमार पड़ना या मरना
41.RAT RACE- Fierce competition for power/ भयंकर प्रतिस्पर्धा
42.TO HAVE SECOND THOUGHTS- To reconsider/ दोबारा से विचार करना
43.TO BURN ONE’S FINGERS- To get physically hurt/ स्वयं को मुसीबत में डालना
44.TO FEEL LIKE A FISH OUT OF WATER- Uncomfortable situation/ असहज महसूस करना
45.TO FOAM AT ONE’S MOUTH- To be very angry/ बेहद गुस्सा होना
46.HAD BETTER- Used for telling somebody what you think he should do/ किसी को बताना कि उसको क्या करना चाहिए के लिए प्रयोग करना
47.KICK UP A ROW- Make a great fuss / To complain loudly about something/ बखेड़ा खड़ा करना
48.BURY THE HATCHET- To make peace / To stop being unfriendly and become friends again/ झगड़ा समाप्त करना
49.ONCE IN A BLUE MOON- Rarely/ कभी कभार
50.THROUGH THICK AND THIN- Under all circumstances/ सभी परिस्थितियों में
Section- 4
Verb/ noun/ adj.+ preposition combinations:
1.Fall about
Meaning: Laugh so much that one’s entire body moves somewhat uncontrollably/ अनियंत्रित रूप से हंसना
Example: Every time he performed the trick people would fall about.
2.Fall apart
Meaning: Disintegrate/ जर्ज़र हालत में आ कर टुकड़ों में अलग होना
Example: My old briefcase is falling apart. I’ll have to buy a new one.
3.Fall apart
Meaning: Be emotionally in crisis/ भावुक होकर बिखरना
Example: As a result of being addicted to heroin, she was falling apart.
4.Fall away
Meaning: Cease to support a person or cause/ सपोर्ट करना बंद कर देना
Example: After the divorce, all his friends fell away one by one.
5.Fall behind
Meaning: Be late (for a regular event)/ लेट हो जाना
Example: You’re falling behind with the rent.
6.Fall behind
Meaning: Be progressively below average in performance/ पीछे रह जाना
Example: It’s not like John to fall behind in maths.
7.Fall down
Meaning: Fall to the ground, to collapse/ गिरना/ ढह जाना
Example: The beams supporting the roof had rotted, causing the entire house to fall down.
8.Fall down
Meaning: Fail/ असफल होना
Example: That is where your reasoning falls down.
9.Fall for
Meaning: Be fooled; to walk into a trap or respond to a scam or trick/ किसी जाल में फंसना
Example: I can’t believe how many people still fall for the coin glued to the sidewalk.
10.Fall for
Meaning: Fall in love with someone/ प्यार होना
Example: He really fell for the attractive waitress at his favorite restaurant.
11.Fall in
Meaning: Collapse inwards/ अंदर की ओर ढहना
Example: The heavy rain caused the roof to fall in.
12.Fall in
Meaning: Come to an end; to terminate; to lapse/ समाप्त होना
Example: On the death of Mr. B., the annuity, which he had so long received, fell in.
13.Fall in with
Meaning: Join (a group of people)/ ग्रुप जॉइन करना
Example: He has fallen in with a bad lot.
14.Fall in with
Meaning: Accept/ स्वीकार करना
Example: It seemed like a good idea, so we fell in with it.
15.Fall into
Meaning: Go into something by falling/ किसी चीज़ में गिर जाना
Example: The cat might fall into the pool if you’re not careful.
16.Fall into
Meaning: Enter something without having planned it/ किसी क्षेत्र में कदम रखना
Example: Most of us didn’t plan to be designers; we just fell into the job.
17.Fall into
Meaning: Be classified as; to fall under/ किसी श्रेणी में आना
Example: That falls into three categories.
18.Fall off
Meaning: Become detached or to drop from/ अलग होकर गिरना
Example: A button fell off my coat.
19.Fall off
Meaning: Diminish in size, value etc./ छोटा होना/ कीमत में कम होना
Example: Business always falls off in the winter.
20.Fall on
Meaning: Experience; to suffer; to fall upon/ मुश्किल झेलना
Example: With the rise of the Internet, some media fell on hard times.
21.Fall on
Meaning: Be assigned to; to acquire a new responsibility, duty or burden/ नई ज़िम्मेदारी, काम इत्यादि मिलना
Example: This decision is important, and it falls on you to make it.
22.Fall on
Meaning: Occur on a particular day/ किसी निश्चित दिन होना
Example: The first day of spring this year will fall on a Tuesday.
23.Fall out
Meaning: Come out of something by falling/ बाहर आकर गिरना
Example: I opened the cupboard and a can fell out onto my foot.
24.Fall out
Meaning: Cease to be on friendly terms/ मनमुटाव होना
Example: Dave and I fell out after a long argument.
25.Fall out
Meaning: Leave one’s current location to report for duty at a new location/ ड्यूटी के लिए वर्तमान लोकेशन को छोड़कर किसी नई लोकेशन में जाना
Example: The company fell out for an artillery drill.
26.Fall through
Meaning: Be unsuccessful, abort, come to nothing/naught; to be cancelled; not to proceed/ प्लान चौपट होना
Example: Their plans to go hiking Saturday fell through because it rained.
27.Fall under
Meaning: Belong to for purposes of categorization/ किसी श्रेणी में आना
Example: The botany handbooks in the library fall under Plant Biology.
28.Fall upon
Meaning: Fall on; to experience; to suffer/ अनुभव करना/ झेलना
Example: With the rise of the Internet, some media fell upon hard times.
29.Break away
Meaning: Leave suddenly/ अचानक से अलग होना/ कहीं से दूर हो जाना
Example: She was brought up in a very religious household, but broke away from the church in her teens.
30.Break away
Meaning: Become separated, literally or figuratively/ अलग होना
Example: A chunk of rock broke away from the cliff edge.
31.Break down
Meaning: Fail, to cease to function/ किसी मशीन का ख़राब होना
Example: I am afraid my computer will break down if I try to run it at too high a speed.
32.Break down
Meaning: Render or to become unstable due to stress, to collapse physically or mentally/ मानसिक रूप से टूटना
Example: She is back to work now, after she broke down the other day.
33.Break down
Meaning: Render or to become weak and ineffective/ कमज़ोर पड़ना
Example: His authority and influence over his coordinates broke down gradually.
34.Break down
Meaning: Decay, to decompose/ अपघटित होना
Example: Leaves and grass will break down into compost faster if you keep them moist.
35.Break down
Meaning: Divide into parts to give more details, to provide a more indepth analysis of/ टुकड़ों में बाँटना
Example: If you don’t understand, ask him to break down the numbers for you.
36.Break down
Meaning: Digest/ पचाना
Example: His stomach took a while to break down his food.
Break even, Break in Meaning and Examples
37.Break even
Meaning: Neither gain nor lose money/ न पैसे हारना न जीतना
Example: After an entire night playing poker, he nearly broke even.
38.Break even
Meaning: Stay the same; to neither advance nor regress/ न आगे बढ़ना न पीछे जाना
Example: It’s a lot of work just to break even and keep the weeds down.
39.Break in
Meaning: Enter a place by force or illicit means/ बलपूर्वक या गैरकानूनी रूप से कहीं घुसना
Example: Someone broke in and stole his radio.
40.Break in
Meaning: Cause to function more naturally through use or wear/ कुछ पहनकर उसको आरामदायक बना देना
Example: These shoes will be more comfortable after I have broken them in.
41.Break off
Meaning: End a relationship./ अलग होना
Example: I’ve decided to break it off with her.
42.Break off
Meaning: To stop (temporarily)/ रूक जाना
Example: Linda broke off, realizing that she was wrong.
43.Break off
Meaning: To become separate (from something)/ अलग होना
Example: Part of the chimney broke off and fell to the ground.
44.Break into
Meaning: Enter illegally or by force, especially in order to commit a crime/ बलपूर्वक या गैरकानूनी रूप से कहीं घुसना
Example: Somebody broke into his car and stole his tools and CDs.
45.Break into
Meaning: Open or begin to use/ (कोई पैकेट) खोलना और इस्तेमाल करना
Example: I finally broke into the second package of cookies.
46.Break into
Meaning: Successfully enter a profession or business/ सफलतापूर्वक किसी पेशे को शुरू करना
Example: He hopes to break into show business.
47.Break into
Meaning: Begin suddenly/ अचानक से शुरू करना
Example: The horse broke into a gallop as they neared the barn.
48.Break out
Meaning: Escape, especially forcefully or defiantly/ बचकर निकल भागना
Example: They broke out of prison in the middle of the night.
49.Break out
Meaning: Begin suddenly; to emerge in a certain condition/ अचानक से शुरू होना या सामने आना
Example: He broke out in sweat.
50.Break through
Meaning: To break a way through (sth solid)/ बाधा हटाते हुए आगे बढ़ना
Example: Demonstrators broke through the police cordon.
Section- 5
Collective nouns:
1.a board of directors (निर्देशक)
2.a bunch of crooks (धूर्त)
3.a caravan of gypsies (रोज़गार की वजह से एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान जाने वाले एम्प्लोयी)
4.a choir of singers (गायक)
5.a company of actors (अदाकार)
6.a crew of sailors (नाविक)
7.a gang of prisoners (कैदी)
8.a group of dancers (डांसर)
9..a mob of rioters (दंगाई)
10.a pack of thieves (चोर)
11.a patrol of policemen (पुलिस वाले)
12.a staff of employees (एम्प्लोयी)
13.a team of players (खिलाड़ी)
14.a gang of thieves (चोर)
15.a bench of magistrates (मैजिस्ट्रेट)
16.a band of musicians (संगीतकार)
17.a choir of singers (गायक)
18.a conference of delegates (प्रतिनिधि)
19.a staff of officials (अधिकारी)
20.a class of students (छात्र)
21.a congregation of worshippers (पूजा करने वाले)
22.a house of senators (सेनेटर)
23.a panel of experts (एक्सपर्ट)
24.a team of athletes (एथलीट )
25.a bevy of ladies (लेडीज़)
26.an audience of listeners (श्रोता)
27.a syndicate of merchants (व्यापारी)
28.a class of pupils (शिष्य)
29.a flock of tourists (सैलानी)
30.a faculty of teachers (अध्यापक)
31.a bunch of flowers (फूल)
32.a bouquet of flowers (फूल)
33.a vase of flowers (फूल)
34.a bowl of rice (चावल)
35.a bunch of grapes/bananas (अँगूर/ केले)
36.a flock of birds (पक्षी)
37.a group/chain of islands (द्वीप)
38.an album of photographs (फोटोज़)
39.a bale of cotton (रुई)
40.a fleet of ships (जहाज़)
41.a series of events (घटनाएं)
42.a glossary of words/phrases (शब्द/ वाक्यांश)
43.a bundle of sticks (लकड़ी)
44.a heap of sand (रेत)
45.a list of names (नाम)
46.a set of tools (औज़ार)
47.a stack of hay (भूसा)
48.a gallery of pictures (चित्र)
49.a catalogue of goods (सामान)
50.a sheaf of arrows (तीर)
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