NGS, 27th Feb.

Section- 1

Synonymous words:

1.CHARM, BEGUILE, BEWITCH, CAPTIVATE, ENCHANT, ENTRANCE, FASCINATE- आकर्षित करना/ मंत्रमुग्ध करना 

2.CHOOSE, SELECT, ELECT, PICK- चुनना 

3.CIRCLE, COTERIE, SET, CLIQUE, PACK- समूह 

4.CLEAR, LIMPID, LUCID, PELLUCID, TRANSPARENT- स्पष्ट/ पारदर्शी 

5.CLICHE, BROMIDE, COMMONPLACE, PLATITUDE- कोई बात जो बहुत कॉमन हो या रिपीट हो 

6.COMFORT, CONSOLE, SOLACE, SOOTHE- आराम पहुँचाना/ सुकून देना 

7.CONFLICT, CONTEST, COMBAT, FIGHT, AFFRAY- विवाद/ झगड़ा 

8.CONFUSE, ADDLE, BEFUDDLE, DISCOMBOBULATE, FUDDLE, MUDDLE, THROW- कंफ्यूज करना 

9.CONJECTURE, SURMISE, GUESS, SPECULATE, INFER- अनुमान लगाना 

10.CONSIDER, DEEM, REGARD, RECKON- मानना 

11.CONSPIRACY, PLOT, MACHINATION, COLLUSION, INTRIGUE- षड़यंत्र 

12.CONTAMINATE, BEFOUL, FOUL, POLLUTE, TAINT- प्रदूषित करना

13.CONTEMPORARY, CONTEMPORANEOUS, SIMULTANEOUS, SYNCHRONOUS, CONCURRENT- जिसका सम्बन्ध वर्तमान से है

14.CONTINUAL, CONTINUOUS, CONSTANT, CEASELESS, INCESSANT, PERPETUAL, ETERNAL- लगातार 

15.CONTRACT, CONDENSE, COMPRESS, CONSTRICT, SHRINK- सिकुड़ना 

16.CONVERT, METAMORPHOSE, TRANSFIGURE, TRANSFORM, TRANSMOGRIFY, TRANSMUTE- किसी रूप में बदलना 

17.COMPOSED, COLLECTED, UNRUFFLED, NONCHALANT, IMPERTUBABLE- शांत/ जिसको चिंता न हो 

18.CORRECT, RECTIFY, REMEDY, REDRESS, REFORM, REVISE, AMEND- सही करना 

19.CORRUPT, DEBASE, DEBAUCH, DEPRAVE, PERVERT, VITIATE- भ्रष्ट बनाना/ ख़राब करना 

20.CRITICIZE, BLAME, REPREHEND, CENSURE, CONDEMN, DENOUNCE- आलोचना करना 

21.CROWD, CRUSH, FLOCK, HORDE, MOB, THRONG- भीड़ 

22.CRUSH, MASH, PULP, SMASH, SQUASH- कुचलना/ महीन टुकड़ों में बाँट देना 

23.DECREASE, LESSEN, REDUCE, DWINDLE, ABATE, DIMINISH, SUBSIDE- करना 

24.MURKY, OBSCURE, OPAQUE, SHADY, SHADOWY- अस्पष्ट 

25.DAZE, HAZE, BEMUSE, BENUMB, STUN, STUPEFY- आश्चर्यचकित करना/ कंफ्यूज करना 

26.DEAD, DECEASED, DEPARTED, EXTINCT, LIFELESS- जिसका अस्तित्व न हो/ जो चला गया हो 

27.DECAY, ROT, PUTREFY, SPOIL, CRUMBLE, DISINTEGRATE, DECOMPOSE- ख़राब होना/ सड़ना 

28.DECEIVE, BETRAY, MISLEAD, BEGUILE, DELUDE, DUPE, HOODWINK, BAMBOOZLE- धोखा देना 

29.DECIDE, DETERMINE, RESOLVE, ASCERTAIN- निश्चित करना/ निर्णय लेना 

30.DECISIVE, CONCLUSIVE, CRUCIAL, DEFINITIVE, DETERMINATIVE- निर्णायक 

Note- Though the words are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different. Please, consult a good dictionary to know them!


Section- 2

One word substitution:

1.Fit to be eaten- Edible/ खाने योग्य 

2.Government by new or inexperienced hand- Neocracy/ नये या नौसिखिये लोगों का राज्य 

3.Fluent and clear in speech- Articulate/ स्पष्ट बोलने वाला 

4.Food which agrees with one's taste- Palatable/ स्वादिष्ट 

5.Full of criticism or mockery- Satire/ हास्य व्यंग 

6.Give and receive mutually- Reciprocate/ विनिमय 

7.Habitually silent or talking little- Taciturn/ जो चुप रहे या बहुत कम बोले 

8.Having a stale smell or taste- Rancid/ बासी 

9.Having juicy or fleshy and thick tissue- Succulent/ रसीला 

10.A building where animals are butchered- Abattoir/ बूचड़खाना 

11.Inability to sleep- Insomnia/ नींद न आने की बीमारी 

12.Incapable of being approached- Inaccessible/ जहाँ तक पहुंच न हो 

13.Instrument that magnifies objects- Microscope/ मिक्रोस्कोप 

14.Instrument to measure atmospheric pressure- Barometer/ बैरोमीटर 

15.Intense and unreasonable fear or dislike- Phobia/ डर

16.Interval between two events- Interlude/ दो घटनाओं के बीच का समय 

17.Lasting only for a moment- Momentary/ जो कुछ समय चले

18.Likely to arouse envy (jealousy)- Enviable/ जो ईर्ष्या उत्पन्न करे

19.Material that changes naturally by the action of bacteria- Biodegradable/ जिसका स्वतः अपघटन हो जाये

20.Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress- Rhetoric/ शब्दाडम्बरपूर्ण 

21.Medical study of skin and its diseases- Dermatology/ त्वचा का अध्ययन 

22.Living or occurring at the same time- Contemporary/ समकालीन 

23.Money paid to employees on retirement- Gratuity/ पैसा जो रिटायरमेंट के बाद मिले 

24.Impossible to stop or event- Inexorable/ जिसको रोकना मुश्किल हो 

25.Of very bad morals ; characterized by debasement or degeneration- Depraved/ भ्रष्ट (नैतिक रूप से)

26.One not concerned with right or wrong- Amoral/ जिसको नैतिक- अनैतिक से मतलब न हो 

27.One who believes in that gaining pleasure is the most important thing in life- Hedonist/ जो मानता हो कि जीवन में सबसे मुख्य चीज़ आनंद प्राप्ति है

28.One who believes that all things and events in life are predetermined is a- Fatalist/ भाग्यवादी 

29.One who can think about the future with imagination and wisdom- Visionary/ दूरदर्शी 

30.One who can walk on ropes (tightrope walker)- Funambulist/ रस्सियों पर चलने वाला 

31.One who destroys images or attacks popular beliefs- Iconoclast/ प्रतिमा भंजक 

32.One who does not care for literature or art- Philistine/ जिसको साहित्य या कला से मतलब न हो 

33.One who eats both plants and meat- Omnivorous/ जो पौधे और मांस, दोनों खाता हो 

34.One who eats human flesh- Cannibal/ नरभक्षक 

35.One who enjoys inflicting pain on himself- Masochist/ जो खुद को कष्ट पहुंचाकर खुश हो 

36.One who has become dependent on something or drugs- Addict/ लती 

37.One who has suddenly gained new wealth, power or prestige- Parvenu/ जिसको अचानक से धन, ताकत या प्रतिष्ठा मिली हो 

38.One who hates mankind- Misanthrope/ मानवजाति से नफरत करने वाला 

39.One who hides away on a ship to obtain a free passage- Stowaway/ जो बिना फ्री में यात्रा करने के लिए जहाज़ में छुप जाये 

40.A person who has converted from one opinion, religion, or party to another- Proselyte/ वह व्यक्ति जिसने अपनी राय, धर्म, पार्टी इत्यादि बदला हो 

41.No longer having a position, especially in a college or university, but keeping the title of the position- Emeritus/ जो किसी पद पर न हो किन्तु सम्मान के रूप में उस पद का टाइटल अपने नाम के साथ लगाता हो 

42.A person in charge of a museum, library, etc.- Curator/ म्यूजियम, लाइब्रेरी इत्यादि की देखरेख करने वाला 

43.One who is indifferent to pain and pleasure- Stoic/ जिसको दर्द और ख़ुशी का अहसास न हो 

44.One who knows everything- Omniscient/ जो सबकुछ जानता हो 

45.One who performs daring gymnastics feats- Acrobat/ नट

46.One who secretly listens to talks of others- Eavesdropper/ चुपचाप बात सुनने वाला 

47.One who stays away from school without permission- Truant/ स्कूल से घंटागोल करने वाला 

48.One who studies election trend by means of opinion polls- Psephologist/ इलेक्शन ट्रेंड का अध्ययन करने वाला 

49.One who thinks or speaks too much of himself- Egoist/ अहंवादी 

50.Someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court- Plaintiff/ लीगल कंप्लेंट करने वाला 


Section- 3

Idioms/ phrases:

1.EAT ANYONE’S SALT- To be anyone’s guest/ किसी का मेहमान बनना 

2.TO HAIL FROM- To come from/ कहीं से आना या सम्बंधित होना 

3.TO PUT AN END TO- Stop/ रोकना 

4.HOLD ONE’S TONGUE- To be silent/ चुप रहना 

5.BAD BLOOD- Feeling of hatred/ घृणा भाव 

6.TURN UP- To appear/ सामने आना/ दिखाई पड़ना 

7.TURN DOWN- Reject/ निरस्त करना 

8.CARRY WEIGHT- Be important / Important influence/ वज़नदार होना 

9.UNDER THE THUMB OF- Under the control of/ कण्ट्रोल में होना 

10.TO GET WIND- Come to know about something secret or private/ पता चलना 

11.PART AND PARCEL- An essential part of something/ मुख्य हिस्सा 

12.IN BLACK AND WHITE- In writing/ लिखित में 

13.FOR BETTER OR WORSE- If you do something for better or (for) worse, you accept the bad results of the action as well as the good ones/ चाहें कैसा भी हो 

14.FROM THE BOTTOM OF ONE’S HEART- To speak frankly/ खुल कर कहना 

15.IN A NUTSHELL- using as few words as possible/ संक्षेप में 

16.WATER UNDER THE BRIDGE- Something that happened in the past and is now forgotten or no longer important- जो अब महत्वपूर्ण न हो 

17.STICK TO GUNS-  to continue to have your beliefs or continue with a plan of action- अपने बात पर अडिग रहना 

18.OUT OF HAND- Out of control/ at once- कण्ट्रोल से बाहर/ तुरंत 

19.THE SALT OF THE EARTH- Very good and honest- अच्छा और ईमानदार 

20.TALKING THROUGH HAT- Talking nonsense/ बकवास करना 

21.SLIP OFF- Leave quietly/ चुपचाप निकल लेना 

22.UNDER A CLOUD- Being subject to suspicion/ शक के घेरे में 

23.AS HARD AS NAIL- Emotionless / To show no sympathy, kindness or fear/ बिना भावनाओं/ भावुकता के 

24.ALLOW A FREE HAND- To give one complete freedom to do what one wants or choose- छूट देना 

25.BREAK DOWN- To lose control of your feelings and start crying/ कण्ट्रोल खो देना 

26.CUT ONE'S COAT ACCORDING TO ONE’S CLOTH- undertake only what you have the money or ability to do and no more/ उतने पैर पसारिये जितनी चादर होय 

27.RACK AND RUIN- to become destroyed or ruined- बर्बाद होना 

28.HAVE A BEE IN ONE’S BONNET- To be preoccupied or obsessed with something/ किसो बात का दिमाग़ में भरा होना 

29.BULL IN A CHINA SHOP- to be very careless in the way that one moves or behaves/ लापरवाह होना 

30.SPICK AND SPAN- Neat and clean/ साफ सुथरा 

31.GIVE IN- To agree to do something that you don’t want to do/ अंततः किसी की बात मान लेना 

32.WIDE OFF THE MARK Irrelevant / Not accurate/ अतार्किक 

33.OUT OF THE WORLD- Extraordinary/ असाधारण 

34.TO TOE THE LINE- accept the authority, policies, or principles of a particular group, especially unwillingly/ बेमन से स्वीकार करना 

35.TAKE ONE'S HAT OFF TO SB- Encourage / To admire somebody very much for something he has done/ प्रोत्साहित करना 

36.IN THE LONG RUN- Over a period of time/ लम्बे समय बाद 

37.JUMPING DOWN ONE’S THROAT- To react very angrily to somebody/ गुस्से में प्रतिक्रिया देना 

38.TO PLAY SECOND FIDDLE- to be less important or in a weaker position than someone or something else/ किसी से पीछे होना या कमज़ोर होना 

39.PUTTING THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE- Doing things in the wrong way/ गलत तरीके से कार्य करना 

40.EGG SOMEONE ON- To encourage somebody to do something/ उकसाना 

41.ACHILLES HEEL- A weak spot/ कोई कमज़ोरी 

42.LOOK A GIFT HORSE IN THE MOUTH- To show a lack of appreciation or gratitude when receiving a gift/ उपहार लेकर आभार न जताना 

43.LET SLEEPING DOGS LIE- Not to bring up an old controversial issue/ विवाद से बचना 

44.A MONTH OF SUNDAYS- a very long period of time/ लम्बा समय 

45.A CLOSED BOOK- a subject or person about which one knows nothing/ जिसके बारे में जानकारी न हो 

46.IN APPLE PIE ORDER- In perfect order/ व्यवस्थित  

47.WET ONE’S WHISTLE- to take an alcoholic drink/ शराब पीना 

48.COOL ONE’S HEEL- To keep waiting/ इंतज़ार करना 

49.LIVE-WIRE A person who is lively or energetic/ जानदार 

50.RULE THE ROOST- be in complete control/ जिसका हुक्म चलता हो/ जो हेड हो 


Section- 4

Verb/ noun/ adj.+ preposition combinations:

1.ask around- ask many people the same question- I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet./ कई लोगों से पूछना 

2.add up to something- equal- Your purchases add up to Rs550./ बराबर होना 

3.back sb/ sth up- support- My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job./ सपोर्ट करना 

4.blow up- explode- The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence./ फटना 

5.break down- stop functioning (vehicle, machine)- Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm./ ख़राब होना 

6.break down- get upset- The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died./ मन से टूटना 

7.break something down- divide into smaller parts- Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts./ टुकड़ों में तोड़ना 

8.break up- end a relationship- My boyfriend and I had broken up before I moved to America./ सम्बन्ध टूटना 

9.break out- escape- The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking./ जेल से भागना 

10.bring somebody down- make unhappy- This sad music is bringing me down./ नाखुश बना देना 

11.bring somebody up- raise a child- My grandparents brought me up after my parents died./ परवरिश करना 

12.bring something up- start talking about a subject- My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports./ विषय पर बात करना शुरू करना 

13.call somebody back- return a phone call- I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend./ पलट कर कॉल करना 

14.call something off- cancel- Mohan called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé./ कैंसल करना 

15.call on somebody- ask for an answer or opinion- The professor called on me for question./ जवाब मांगना 

16.call on somebody- visit somebody- We called on you last night but you weren't home./ मिलना 

17.call somebody up- phone- Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town./ फोन करना 

18.calm down- relax after being angry- You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car./ शांत करना 

19.catch up- get to the same point as somebody else- You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty./ बराबर पहुंचना 

20.check in- arrive and register at a hotel or airport- We will get the hotel keys when we check in./ किसी होटल या एयरपोर्ट में दाखिल होना (औपचारिकतायें पूरी करते हुए)

21.check out- leave a hotel- You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM./ किसी होटल या एयरपोर्ट से बाहर निकलना (औपचारिकतायें पूरी करते हुए)

22.cheer up- become/ make happier- She cheered up when she heard the good news./ ख़ुश होना/ बनाना 

23.chip in- help- If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon./ सहायता करना 

24.come across something- find unexpectedly- I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet./ अप्रत्याशित रूप से मिलना 

25.come apart- separate- The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough./ अलग होना 

26.come down with something- become sick- My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend./ बीमार पड़ना 

27.come forward- volunteer for a task or to give evidence- The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints/ आगे आना .

28.come from some place- originate in- The art of origami comes from Asia./ किसी स्थान से आना 

29.count on somebody/ something- rely on- I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out./ भरोसा करना 

30.cut back on something- consume less- My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods./ कम उपभोग करना 

31.cut in- interrupt- Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle./ इंटरप्ट करना 

32.cut something off- remove with something sharp- The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured./ काट कर अलग करना 

33.cut something off- stop providing- The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill./ प्रदान करना बंद कर देना 

34.do something over- do again- My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my topic./ दोबारा करना 

35.do away with something- discard- It's time to do away with all of these old tax records./ छुटकारा पाना 

36.dress up- wear nice clothing- It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up./ अच्छे कपड़े पहनना 

37.drop in/ by/ over- come without an appointment- I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week./ बिना अपॉइंटमेंट के मिलना 

38.drop somebody/ something off- take somebody/ something somewhere and leave them/it there- I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over./ कहीं छोड़ना 

39.drop out- quit a class, school etc.- I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult./ क्लास, स्कूल इत्यादि छोड़ना 

40.end up- eventually reach/do- We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre./ अंततः कहीं पहुंचना/ कुछ अंजाम होना 

41.figure something out- understand, find the answer- I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room./ समझना/ उत्तर या उपाय जान लेना 

42.find out- discover- We don't know where he lives. How can we find out?/ खोज करना 

43.get something across/ over- communicate, make understandable- I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen./ अपनी बात कहना/ समझाना 

44.get along/on- like each other- I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on./ घुलना मिलना 

45.get on something- step onto a vehicle- We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus./ किसी वाहन पर चढ़ना 

46.get over something- overcome a problem- The company will have to close if it can't get over the new regulations./ समस्या से पार पाना 

47.get together- meet (usually for social reasons)- Let's get together for fun this weekend./ मिलना 

48.give up- stop trying- My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up./ प्रयास करना बंद कर देना 

49.go after somebody- follow somebody- My brother tried to go after the thief in his car./ पीछा करना 

50.go after something- try to achieve something- I went after my dream and now I am a published writer./ पाने का प्रयास करना 

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