NGS, 10th April

Section- 1

Synonymous words:

1.FORTUNATE, LUCKY, PROVIDENTIAL- भाग्यशाली

2.HARASS, HARRY, BADGER, PESTER, PLAGUE, BUG- परेशान करना 

3.HARD, DIFFICULT, ARDUOUS, UNMANAGEABLE, STRENUOUS- मुश्किल

4.HARDEN, ACCLIMATE, ACCLIMATIZE, ACCUSTOM, ACCOMMODATE- आदी होना 

5.HATEFUL, DETESTABLE, ODIOUS, OBNOXIOUS, OFFENSIVE, REPELLENT- घिनौना

7.HEALTHY, SOUND, WHOLESOME, HALE, ROBUST, WELL- स्वस्थ

8.HEAP, BANK, MOUND, PILE, STACK- ढेर 

9.HEAVY, WEIGHTY, HEFTY, MASSIVE, PONDEROUS, CUMBERSOME- भारी

10.HELP, AID, ASSIST, SUCCOUR- सहायता 

11.HERITAGE, INHERITANCE, LEGACY- विरासत

12.HESITATE, VACILLATE, WAVER, FALTER- झिझकना/ दो विकल्पों के बीच में झूलना 

13.HIDE, CONCEAL, SECRETE, CACHE, SCREEN, BURY, CLOAK- छिपाना 

14.HIGH, TALL, LOFTY, TOWERING, ELEVATED- उठा हुआ/ ऊंचा 

15.HINDER, HAMPER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK- बाधा उत्पन्न करना 

16.HOLE, HOLLOW, CAVITY, POCKET- खाली स्थान/ गुहा

17.HONOR, HOMAGE, REVERENCE, VENERATION, DEFERENCE- सम्मान 

18.HUMANE, COMPASSIONATE, HUMANITARIAN, MERCIFUL- दयाभाव से भरा 

19.IDEA, THOUGHT, NOTION, CONCEPT, CONCEPTION- धारणा/ सोंच 

20.IGNORANT, UNEDUCATED, UNTAUGHT, UNLEARNED, UNTUTORED, UNLETTERED, ILLITERATE- अज्ञानी/ अशिक्षित 

21.IMAGINATION, FANCY, FANTASY- कल्पना 

22.IMITATE, COPY, MIMIC, APE, PARODY- नक़ल/ 

23.IMMATERIAL, INCORPOREAL, INSUBSTANTIAL, METAPHYSICAL, SPIRITUAL- अभौतिक 

24.IMPOSTOR, QUACK, FAKER, HUMBUG, MOUNTEBANK, CHARLATAN- जालसाज़ 

25.IMPRESSION, IMPRESS, IMPRINT, PRINT, STAMP- छाप 

26.IMPROPER, UNBECOMING, UNSEEMLY, INDELICATE, INDECENT, INDECOROUS/ उनुचित/ अभद्र

27.IMPROVE, BETTER, AMELIORATE, REFINE, REVAMP- बेहतर बनाना 

28.INACTIVE, IDLE, INERT, PASSIVE, DORMANT, TORPID, SUPINE- निष्क्रिय/ सुप्तावस्था में 

29.INCALCULABLE, COUNTLESS, IMMEASURABLE, INCOMPUTABLE, INFINITE, INNUMERABLE, MEASURELESS/ जिसकी मात्रा को आंका न जा सके 

30.INCITE, INSTIGATE, FOMENT, ABET- उकसाना/ भड़काना 

Note- Though the words are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different. Please, consult a good dictionary to know them!

Section- 2

One word substitution:

1. Atheist

Meaning in Hindi: नास्तिक

Meaning in English: A person who does not believe in the existence of God.

2. Misnomer

Meaning in Hindi:- उनुचित नाम

Meaning in English:- A wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term.

3. Autocrat

Meaning in Hindi: स्वेच्छाचारी शासक 

Meaning in English: A person who rules without consulting the opinion of others.

4. Memento

Meaning in Hindi:- निशानी

Meaning in English:- An object kept as a reminder of a person or event.

5. Allegory

Meaning in Hindi: रूपक कथा 

Meaning in English: A story in which ideas are symbolized as people.

6. Aristocracy

Meaning in Hindi: कुलीन तंत्र 

Meaning in English: A Government run by the nobility or the rich and the elite people.

7. Miners

Meaning in Hindi:- खान में काम करने वाले

Meaning in English:- A person who works in a mine.

8. Magistrate

Meaning in Hindi:- न्यायाधीश

Meaning in English:- The person who punishes those who breaks the laws.

9. Analgesia

Meaning in Hindi: पीड़ाशून्यता 

Meaning in English: Loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious

10. Matrimony

Meaning in Hindi:- शादीशुदा होना 

Meaning in English:- The state of being married

11. Lavatory

Meaning in Hindi: शौचालय

Meaning in English: A place for disposing of waste material from human body (Toilet)

12. Legible

Meaning in Hindi: आसानी से पढ़े जाने योग्य

Meaning in English:That which can be read easily.

13. Layman

Meaning in Hindi: अविश जन 

Meaning in English: Person who does not have any expert knowledge of a particular

14. Arbitrator

Meaning in Hindi: पंच

Meaning in English: A person was chosen or appointed by parties in controversy to decide their difference.

15. Lynch

Meaning in Hindi: पीट पीट कर मार देना (बिना विधिवत न्याय के)

Meaning in English: Kill someone for alleged crime without any trial.

16. Lullaby

Meaning in Hindi: लोरी 

Meaning in English: A quiet, gentle song sung to send a child to sleep.

17. Bankrupt or insolvent

Meaning in Hindi: दिवालिया 

Meaning in English: One cannot pay off his debts.

18. Bigot

Meaning in Hindi: धर्मांध 

Meaning in English: A person attached to any opinion, system or party.

19. Lineage

Meaning in Hindi: वंशावली

Meaning in English: Direct descent from an ancestor

20. Laurel

Meaning in Hindi: किसी कार्य के लिए मिलने वाला सम्मान 

Meaning in English: Honour given to someone for some work.

21. Braggart

Meaning in Hindi: गप्पू 

Meaning in English: A vain, boasting fellow

22. Latent

Meaning in Hindi: छिपा 

Meaning in English: Existing but not visible clearly

23. Laconic

Meaning in Hindi: संक्षिप्त 

Meaning in English: Using few words in writing or speech.

24. Linguist

Meaning in Hindi: भाषाविद 

Meaning in English: A person skilled in many languages.

25. Keynote

Meaning in Hindi: मुख्य बात

Meaning in English: Most important idea or part of something.

26. Biopsy

Meaning in Hindi: जीवित ऊतकों की जांच 

Meaning in English: The examination of fluids of tissue taken from a living body to diagnose a disease.

27. Barbarism

Meaning in Hindi: असभ्यता 

Meaning in English: State of being uncivilized, ignorant or rude.

28. Cardinal

Meaning in Hindi: प्रमुख

Meaning in English: Of prime importance

29. Creche

Meaning in Hindi: शिशु-गृह 

Meaning in English: a nursery where children are cared for while their parents are at work

30. Cosmopolitan

Meaning in Hindi: सर्वदेशीय 

Meaning in English: a person who regards whole world as his country

31. Compensation

Meaning in Hindi: मुआवज़ा 

Meaning in English: Money given for requisitioned property.

32. Killjoy

Meaning in Hindi: मजा खराब करने वाला 

Meaning in English: One who spoil the joy of others

33. Curator

Meaning in Hindi: क्यूरेटर 

Meaning in English: a person incharge of a museum

34. Delible

Meaning in Hindi: जिसको मिटाया जा सके 

Meaning in English:That which can be effaced or blotted out.

35. Knack

Meaning in Hindi: किसी काम में कुशल होना 

Meaning in English: An acquired or natural skill at doing something.

36. Contemporaries

Meaning in Hindi: समकालीन

Meaning in English: belonging to or living at the same time

37. Cloak room

Meaning in Hindi: यात्री सामानघर

Meaning in English: a place for luggage at railway station

38. Connoisseur

Meaning in Hindi: पारखी

Meaning in English: a critical judge of any art and craft

39. Kingpin

Meaning in Hindi: सरगना

Meaning in English: Persons who control an organization or activity

40. Choreographer

Meaning in Hindi: डांस सिखाने वाला 

Meaning in English: one who teaches dancing

41. Joey

Meaning in Hindi: कंगारू का बच्चा 

Meaning in English: A young Kangaroo

42. Cynic

Meaning in Hindi: दोषदर्शी 

Meaning in English: one, who sneers at the aims and beliefs of his fellow men

43. Convalescent

Meaning in Hindi: अच्छा स्वास्थ्य प्राप्त करने वाला 

Meaning in English: one who is recovering one's health

44. Journal

Meaning in Hindi: पत्रिका 

Meaning in English: A newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity.

45. Knave

Meaning in Hindi: बेईमान/ लापरवाह 

Meaning in English: A dishonest or unscrupulous man

46. Jackpot

Meaning in Hindi: जैकपोट

Meaning in English: A large cash prize in a game or lottery

47. Declamation

Meaning in Hindi: शब्दपांडित्य 

Meaning in English: Act or art of rhetorical exercise.

48. Jargon

Meaning in Hindi: वर्ग- बोली 

Meaning in English: Special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand.

49. Cytology

Meaning in Hindi: कोशिका विज्ञान

Meaning in English: Dealing with cells.

50. Jest

Meaning in Hindi: मज़ाक*

Meaning in English: A thing said or done for amusement

Section- 3

Idioms/ phrases:

1.Decked up – put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive/ अच्छा दिखने के लिए स्पेशल कपड़े पहनना 

2.Doing the rounds – to be passed from one person to another/ एक से दूसरे के पास पहुंचना 

3.A damp squib – Complete failure/ पूर्ण असफलता 

4.Put off – an evasive reply, to delay doing something, especially because you do not want to do it/ अस्पष्ट रिप्लाई 

5.A dime a dozen – Anything that is common and easy to get/ बहुत साधारण 

6.Cast iron stomach– The ability to eat foods that others may find unusual, unpalatable, or too spicy, without experiencing any ill effects like nausea or upset stomach/ कैसा bभी खाना झेल लेने की क्षमता 

7.A mare’s nest– A false invention/ मनघडंत अविष्कार 

8.Take a beating – to be beaten badly in a game or contest/ बुरी तरह से हारना 

9.A chip on your shoulder – Being upset for something that happened in the past/ भूतकाल की किसी बात को लेकर अपसेट होना 

10.A toss-up – a situation in which two possibilities are equally likely/ परिस्थिति जिसमें कुछ भी हो सकता है

11.An iron hand – By force/ बलपूर्वक 

12.A taste of your own medicine – When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others/ उसी तरह से ख़राब व्यवहार मिलना जैसा कि किसी के साथ किया हो 

13.Bite your tongue – Make a desperate effort to avoid saying something/ कुछ कहने से बचना 

14.An eyewash – A pretence/ दिखावा 

15.Can’t cut the mustard– Someone who isn’t adequate enough to compete or participate/ जिसके सफल होने की सम्भावना न हो 

16.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch– Don’t rely on it until you sure of it/ जब तक कुछ न घटे उसे काउंट न कीजिये 

17.Dog days– The hottest days of the summer/ सबसे गर्म दिन 

18.Ever and anon– Sometimes/ कई बार 

19.Bits and pieces– Small things of different types/ विभिन्न छोटी चीज़ें 

20.Kick the bucket– Die/ मरना 

21.Know the ropes– To know all the ways and means to get something done/ तरीका/ विधि जानना 

22.Latin and Greek– Unable to understand/ समझ से परे 

23.Like a chicken with its head cut off– Excited and confused/ उत्तेजित और कन्फ्यूज्ड 

24.Rank and file- Ordinary people/ साधारण लोग 

25.At one’s wits end- In a state where one does not know what to do/ सिचुएशन जिसमें क्या करना है समझ न आये 

26.Burn the midnight oil- Work or study hard/ बहुत मेहनत करना 

27.Come off with flying color- Be highly successful/ बहुत सफल होना 

28.To move heaven and earth- To make a supreme effort/ भरसक प्रयास करना 

29.Of no avail- Without any result/ बिना किसी परिणाम के 

30.The pros and cons- advantages and disadvantages/ फायदे और नुक्सान 

31.Out of the way- Remote or secluded/ दूर या अलग 

32.Feather one’s own nest- Make money for oneself in an opportunistic or selfish way/ अपना उल्लू सीधा करना 

33.Throw out of gear- Disturb the work/ डिस्टर्ब करना 

34.Tooth and nail- With all one’s power/ पूरी ताकत के साथ 

35.Take a leaf out of one’s book- Imitate one/ नक़ल करना 

36.Smell a rat- Suspect something foul/ कुछ गलत होने का अंदेशा होना 

37.Harp on the same string- Dwell on the same subject/ किसी विशेष पर अड़े रहना 

38.Bury the hatchet- End the quarrel and make peace/ झगड़ा बंद करना 

39.Leave one in the lurch- Desert one in difficulties; leave one in a helpless condition/ मझधार में छोड़ देना 

40.Nip in the bud- Destroy in the early stage/ शुरू में ही ख़त्म करना 

41.Stick to one’s guns- Remain faithful to the cause/ अपनी बात/ इरादों पर कायम रहना 

42.Put the cart before the horse- Put or do things in the wrong order/ गलत क्रम बनाना 

43.To call names- To abuse/ गाली देना 

44.Wash one’s dirty linen- Discuss unpleasant in public-private matters before strangers/ पब्लिक में बुरे प्राइवेट मैटर डिसकस करना 

45.To bell the cat- To face the risk/ रिस्क लेना 

46.Let the cat out of the bag- Reveal a secret/ राज़ खोलना 

47.Gain ground- Become popular/ पॉपुलर होना 

48.With a high hand- Oppressively/ अत्याचार करते हुए 

49.Burn one’s fingers- Get into trouble/ मुश्किल में पढ़ना 

50.Chew the cud- Ponder over something/ किसी विषय पर विचार करना 

Section- 4

####Common Adjective + preposition Combinations

according to

accustomed to

addicted to

angry with (someone)

ashamed of

aware of

based on

capable of

concerned about / with

connected to

content with

dedicated to

dependent on

different from

due to

engaged to

excited about

familiar with

followed by

fond of

full of

guilty of

have respect for

in accordance with

in regard to

interested in

involved in

known as / for

limited to

made of / from

married to

opposed to

preferable to

proud of

related to

responsible for

resulting from

satisfied with

scared of

similar to

tired of

worried about

#####Sample Verb + Preposition Combinations

agree on (something)

agree with (someone)

apologize to

apply for / to

approve of

argue with (someone)

ask for

believe in

belong to

blame (someone) for (something)

blame (something) on (someone)

borrow from

call on / upon

care about / for

compare to / with

compliment (someone) on

come from

concentrate on

consent to

consist of

convince (someone) of (something)

count on

decide to v1/ against

depend on

disagree with

dream about / of

feel like

forget about

get rid of

happen to

hear from / of

hope for

insist on 

invite (someone) to

laugh at

listen to

look at

look for

look forward to

object to

participate in

plan on provide for

provide with

recover from

remind (someone) of 

rely on

reply to

respond to

result in

search for

see about

speak to / with

stare at

substitute for

succeed in

talk about / of

talk of

think about

think of

wait for / on

Section- 5

Confusing words:

 

1.Way/ तरीका—– Weigh/ वज़न में/ वज़न करना

I’m not happy with this way of working.

The young birds weigh only a few grams.

 

2.Waste/ व्यर्थ—– Waist/ कमर

Why waste money on clothes you don’t need?

He put his arm around her waist.

 

3.Vain/ व्यर्थ —– Vein/ नस

She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the tears.

The nurse was having trouble finding a vein in his arm.

 

4.Toe/ पैर की अंगुली —– Tow/ रस्सा से खींचना

He kicked the earth with the toe of his boot.

The car broke down and we had to get somebody to give us a tow.

 

5.Tide/ ज्वार—– Tied/ बांधना

The body was washed up on the beach by the tide.

She tied the newspapers in a bundle

 

6.Slay/ मारना/ इम्प्रेस करना—– Sleigh/ बेपहियों की गाड़ी

Those old movies still slay me!

Alternatives to skiing include a leisure pool, curling and skating on the nearby lake, indoor tennis and sleigh rides.

 

7.Soar/ ऊपर उठना —– Sore/ घाव

She watched the dove soar above the chestnut trees.

I had a sore throat and aching limbs.

 

8.Side/ तरफ —– Sighed/ गहरी सांस लेना

They crossed from one side of London to the other.

He sighed deeply at the thought.

 

9.Scull/ खेना —– Skull/ खोपड़ी

You didn’t scull too badly today.

Her skull was crammed with too many thoughts.

 

10.Rung/ घंटी बजना (V1= ring) —– Wrung/ निचोड़ना/ मोड़ना

The phone has rung twice.

Sally wrung out the socks and hung them on the towel rack.

 

11.Rouse/ जगाना/ हवा देना —– Row/ पंक्ति/ खेना

We don’t want to rouse any suspicions.

We sat in a row.

We have to row back well.

 

12.Rode/ सवारी करना (V1= ride) —– Road/ सड़क

He rode away across the marshes.

I ran down the road to see what was happening.

 

13.Profit/ फायदा—– Prophet/ पैग़म्बर

The shop’s daily profit is usually around $500.

He sent for Teiresias, the old blind prophet, the most revered of Thebans.

 

14.Principal/ प्रधानाचार्य/ मुख्य—– Principle/ सिद्धांत

His principal reason for making the journey was to visit his family.

The general principle is that education should be available to all children up to the age of 16.

 

15.Peak/ शीर्ष —– Peek/ झांकना/ तिरछी नज़र से देखना

Sales this month have reached a new peak.

Shut your eyes and don’t peek!

 

16.Pair/ जोड़ा —– Pear/ नाशपाती

She felt as if every pair of eyes in the room was on her.

This pear smells nice.

 

17.Pail/ बाल्टी—– Pale/ पीला पड़ जाना

They filled their pail and container, and started the return journey.

He looked very pale and drawn.

 

18.None/ कुछ नहीं —– Nun/ नन

I wish I could offer you some cake but there’s none left.

Georgiana later marries, and Eliza becomes a nun.

 

19.Oar/ पतवार —– Or/ या

We took one oar each and rowed quickly to the shore.

It can be black, white or grey.

 

20.Overdo/ अधिक करना —– Overdue/ जो बाकी हो

Don’t overdo the salt in the food.

Her baby is two weeks overdue.

 

21.Medal/ मैडल —– Meddle/ हस्तक्षेप करना

She won a gold medal at the last Olympics.

Church leaders shouldn’t meddle in politics.

 

22.Made/ बनाना/ कुछ करवाना —– Maid/ नौकरानी

The sky was clear and the sunlight had a brilliance and intensity that made her head reel.

A maid pushed her cleaning cart down the path toward the cottages out back.

 

23.Mail/ डाक —– Male/ पुरुष

He found a mountain of mail waiting for him.

Many women earn less than their male colleagues.

 

24.Knight/ योद्धा —– Night/ रात

She’s still waiting for a knight in shining armor to come and rescue her.

The accident happened on Friday night.

 

25.Great/ महान—– Grate/ चिढ़

The movie was a great success.

She took the two halves of the letter away, tore them in fragments, and burned them in her grate.

 

Note- Some of the aforementioned words may have other meanings too. Consult a good dictionary to go through them.