NOC- NGS 8

Section- 1

Synonymous words:

1. severely adv. acutely, seriously, badly, dangerously, dreadfully/ तीव्रता के साथ/ बुरी तरह से 

2. profiteer* n. racketeer, exploiter, extortionist, blackmarketeer/ फायदा पाने वाला (ज़्यादातर, गलत तरीके से)

3. profligacy n. debauchery, vice, immorality, sin, sinfulness, wickedness, licentiousness, depravity, corruption, promiscuity, lechery, lasciviousness/ भ्रष्ट होना/ अनैतिक होना 

4. berate v. scold, chide, rate, upbraid, revile, abuse, rail at, excoriate, castigate, objurgate/ डांटना/ आलोचना करना/ बुरा कहना 

5. animosity n. hostility, antagonism, antipathy, ill will, malevolence, enmity, hatred, animus, loathing, detestation, contempt; bad blood, malice, bitterness, acrimony, resentment, rancour/ दुश्मनी 

6. hinder v. hamper, delay, interrupt, impede, interfere with, foil, thwart, frustrate, forestall, bar, stymie, check, balk or baulk, encumber, obstruct/ बाधा उत्पन्न करना 

7. lack n. want, deficiency, dearth, absence, scarcity, shortage, need, insufficiency, paucity, deficit, inadequacy/ कमी 

8. lacerate v. gash, cut, slash, tear, rip, claw, mangle, wound/ कट लगाना

9. infringe v. violate, contravene, break, disobey, transgress, overstep/ नियम तोड़ना 

10. remote adj. distant, far-away, far-off, outlying, inaccessible/ दूर का

Note- Though the aforementioned words in a particular line are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different, and they may not be interchangeable in some cases.

Section- 2

Idioms and phrases:

1. Go hand in hand= closely connected/ साथ चलना 

2. Play ducks and drakes with= to treat someone badly/ बुरा व्यवहार करना 

3. Sitting duck= an obvious or defenceless target/ vulnerable/ जो आसानी से प्रभावित हो जाये/ जिस पर आसानी से हमला हो जाए 

4. Lame duck= not successful and in need of help/ असफल, जिसको सहायता चाहिए हो 

5. Have a green thumb= unusual ability to make plants grow/ पौधे उगाने की क्षमता होना 

6. Rule of thumb= a broadly accurate guide or principle, based on practice rather than theory/ थ्योरेटिकल न होकर, कोई व्यावहारिक गाइड, उसूल, नियम 

7. Slap on the wrist= a mild punishment/ छोटी सज़ा 

8. Hoping against hope= cling to a mere possibility/ कुछ होने की उम्मीद बहुत कम होने पर भी उम्मीद बनाये रखना 

9. Cook someone’s goose= spoil someone's plan/ किसी का प्लान चौपट करना 

10. Save your skin= to avoid harm or injury/ नुकसान या चोट से बचना 

Section- 3

One word substitution:

1. Bunch (गुच्छा)= A group of flowers (and types of flowers such as roses, tulips), grapes, cherries (and other similar fruit), keys and so on.

2. Crowd (भीड़)= A group of people, onlookers, admirers, protesters, shoppers and so on.

3. Flock (झुण्ड)= A group of birds (and types of birds such as pigeons, geese) and so on. 

4. Gang (गैंग)= A group of workers, kids, youths, teenagers, thieves, criminals and so on.

5. Herd (झुण्ड)= A group of sheep, cattle, cows, goats, swine (and similar animals) and so on.

6. Pack (पैक)= A group of  wolves, dogs, hyenas, cards, lies, fools and so on.

7. Set (सेट)= A group of glasses, cups, plates, keys, tools (and other objects which form a group because they share the same features), rules, standards and so on.

8. Shoaling= A large number of fish staying together for social reasons/ सामाजिक कारणों से मछलियों का एक साथ रहने वाला झुण्ड 

9. Schooling= A large number of fish swimming together in the same direction/ मछलियों का एक दिशा में गति करना 

10. Swarm (स्वार्म)= A group of bees, flies, locusts, ants (and other insects) and so on.

Section- 4

Verb/ noun/ adj.+ preposition combinations:

1. count for= to have value/ वैल्यू होना 

2. earmark for= to keep or plan to use something for a particular purpose/ कुछ किसी निश्चित उद्देश्य के लिये यूज़ करना/ बचाये रखना 

3. affection for= love for/ स्नेह 

4. allow for= to consider something when you are planning something/ कुछ प्लान करते समय ध्यान में रखना 

5. appeal for= to make a serious or formal request, especially to the public, for money, information, or help/ अपील करना 

6. ability for= able to do sth/ क्षमता होना 

7. aptitude for= natural ability or skill for/ नेचुरल योग्यता या कुशलता होना 

8. design for= to intend/ के लिए बना होना/ के लिए करना 

9. feel for= to experience sympathy and sadness for someone because they are suffering/ किसी का कष्ट या दुख महसूस करना 

10. be hungry for= having an intense desire to achieve or obtain something/ कुछ पाने की प्रबल इच्छा होना 

Section- 5

Genders:

Masculine- Feminine

1.Bachelor (अविवाहित पुरुष)– Bachelorette

2.Boar (घरेलु सूअर)– Sow [boar- domestic male pig]

3.Bridegroom (दूल्हा)- Bride

4.Buck– Doe [buck- a male deer, antelope, rabbit,  kangaroo etc./ कोई मेल हिरन, एंटीलोप, खरगोश, कंगारू इत्यादि]

5.Colt – Filly (colt= A young male horse under the age of four/ चार वर्ष से कम उम्र का घोड़े का बच्चा)

6.Drake (बत्तख) – Duck 

7.Drone (मक्खी)- Bee [drone- a stingless male bee]

8.Earl (अर्ल)– Countess [earl- a British nobleman ranking above a viscount and below a marquess]

9.Fox (लोमड़ी)- Vixen

10.Gander- Goose (gander=  a large white bird that is like a duck, but bigger/ एक बड़ा सफ़ेद पक्षी जो बत्तख की तरह दिखता है, किन्तु उससे बड़ा होता है)