NOC- NGS 18

SECTION- 1

Synonymous words:

1. Introductory= शुरूआती- serving to open or begin 

Synonyms: opening, prefatory, preliminary, preparatory, beginning, inaugural, initial

2. Mercurial= अस्थिर- subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood

Synonyms: capricious, unstable, changeable, variable, unsteady, inconstant, inconsistent, insecure, capricious, fickle, irregular, unpredictable, unreliable, erratic, volatile, fluctuating, flighty, vacillating, tergiversating, indecisive, undecided, irresolute, indefinite, unsettled, quicksilver

3. Viable= जिसको किया जा सके- capable of working successfully

Synonyms: feasible, tenable, doable

4. Express= जताना/ दर्शाना/ स्पष्ट करना- articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise/ make evident or clear

Synonyms: articulate, verbalize, phrase, utter, voice, state, word, put (into words), set or put forth, put or get across, communicate, depict, portray; say, speak, tell

5. Flatterer= चापलूस- a person who uses flattery 

Synonyms: toady, sycophant, fawner, wheedler, time-server, backscratcher, sponge, parasite, leech, hanger-on, sweet-talker, backslapper, truckler, lickspittle

6. Milieu= किसी व्यक्ति के आस पास का माहौल/ एनवायरमेंट- a person's social environment

Synonyms: environment, atmosphere, setting, climate, surroundings, environs, ambience or ambiance, sphere

7. Inequity= असमता- lack of equity

Synonyms:  bigotry, unfairness, bias, partisanship, favouritism, cronyism, discrimination, intolerance, inequality

8. Inflate= बड़ा करना- exaggerate or make bigger

Synonyms: exaggerate, verstate, magnify, inflate, overdraw, embroider, embellish, elaborate, enlarge, stretch, overemphasize, overstress, overplay, overdo, exalt, hyperbolize

9. Senile= मानसिक या शारीरिक रूप से कमज़ोर- Mentally or physically infirm with age

Synonyms: decrepit, declining, failing, in one's dotage, doting, doddering, in one's second childhood, dotty, simple, feeble-minded

10. thrive= फलना- फूलना- grow vigorously 

Synonyms: succeed, prosper, boom, advance, flourish, grow, bloom, burgeon, develop, wax, fructify

Note- Though the aforementioned words in a particular line are synonymous, their meanings and usages may be different, and they may not be interchangeable in some cases.

SECTION- 2

Idioms/ phrases:

11. Strike fear/terror/a chill into someone or someone's heart – Arouse fear/ to make somebody afraid/ डराना 

12. Turn up one’s nose at – To reject/ निरस्त करना, ठुकराना 

13. Turn one’s head – To cause one to become arrogant, conceited, or self-important, घमंडी हो जाना या बना देना / To avoid paying attention to something uncomfortable, undesirable, unsafe, or inconvenient, किसी बुरी चीज़ पर ध्यान न देना

14. High and dry – In a situation in which one has little chance of escaping or improving/ मुश्किल, जिससे बचना मुश्किल हो, में छोड़ देना

15. Curry favour with – to seek to gain favor by flattery or attention/ फायदा पाने के लिए चापलूसी करना 

16. To catch up with – succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of one/  जो आगे निकल गया हो के पास पहुंचना 

17. To get one's own back – to have one's revenge; retaliate/ बदला लेना 

18. Throw down the gauntlet – to invite someone to fight or compete with you/ कम्पटीशन की चुनौती देना 

19. To have too many iron in the fire – To get engage in too many activities at the same time/ एक समय पर, कई कार्यों में engaged होना 

20. Cut one off with(out) a shilling – To exclude or disinherit one from someone's will or the fortune of one's family/ वसीहत या संपत्ति से बेदखल करना

SECTION- 3

One word substitution:

21. Cardinal= of prime importance, अति महत्वपूर्ण/ being or denoting a numerical quantity but not order, न्यूमेरिकल मात्रा बताने वाला 

22. Creche= a nursery where children are cared for while their parents are at work/ नर्सरी जिसमे उन बच्चों की केयर करते हैं जब उनके पेरेंट्स काम पर होते हैं 

23. Contemporaries= belonging to or living at the same time/ समकालीन

24. Epilepsy= disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions/ मिर्गी 

25. Epithet= a phrase that refers to the character or quality of somebody or something/ फ्रेज़ जो किसी के बारे में बताए

26. Epigram= a  witty saying/ विनोदिका 

27. Frostbite= injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold/ शीतदंश 

28. Fumigate= purify with the fumes of certain chemicals/ गैस या धुंए द्वारा शुद्ध करना 

29. Fluke= a surprising piece of luck/ आकस्मिक लाभ 

30. Gerontology= the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people/ वृद्धावस्‍था और उसके रोगों का वैज्ञानिक अध्‍ययन

SECTION- 4

Verb/ noun/ adj.+ preposition combinations:

31. Solution to= समाधान 

32. Answer to= उत्तर 

33. Key to= कुंजी 

34. Lead to= परिणाम 

35. Result in= परिणाम 

36. Contribute to= योगदान 

37. Identical to= समान होना 

38. The same as= समान होना 

39. Tired of= थका हुआ 

40. Bored with= ऊबना

SECTION- 5

Confusing words:

41. advice (n.)= a recommendation or proposal for an appropriate course of action/ सलाह 

42. advise (v.)= give advice to sb/ सलाह देना 

43. breath (n.)= the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration/ सांस 

44. breathe (v.)= draw air into, and expel out of the lungs/ सांस लेना 

45. cloth  (n.)= artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers/ बिना सिला कपड़ा 

46. clothes (n.)= clothing in general/ सिले हुए कपड़े पहनने के लिये 

47. clothe (v.)= provide with clothes or put clothes on/ ढकना/ कपड़े पहनाना 

48. device (n.)= an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose/ युक्ति 

49. devise (v.)= arrange by systematic planning and united effort/ योजना बनाना, सोच निकालना 

50. envelope (n.)= any wrapper or covering/ लिफाफा 

51. envelop (v.)= surround, cover or wrap completely/ पूरी तरह से घेरना या ढकना