NGS- EIGHT (Test on 24th Dec.)

🏀🏀Section- 1

Synonymous words:

[Note- Though the words in a particular line are synonymous, some of their meanings and usages may be different. Please, consult a good dictionary to know them!]

1. severely adv. acutely, seriously, badly, dangerously, dreadfully/ तीव्रता के साथ/ बुरी तरह से 

2. profiteer* n. racketeer, exploiter, extortionist, blackmarketeer/ फायदा पाने वाला (ज़्यादातर, गलत तरीके से)

3. profligacy n. debauchery, vice, immorality, sin, sinfulness, wickedness, licentiousness, depravity, corruption, promiscuity, lechery, lasciviousness/ भ्रष्ट होना/ अनैतिक होना 

4. berate v. scold, chide, rate, upbraid, revile, abuse, rail at, excoriate, castigate, objurgate/ डांटना/ आलोचना करना/ बुरा कहना 

5. animosity n. hostility, antagonism, antipathy, ill will, malevolence, enmity, hatred, animus, loathing, detestation, contempt; bad blood, malice, bitterness, acrimony, resentment, rancour/ दुश्मनी/ कड़वाहट [Nishant]

6. hinder v. hamper, delay, interrupt, impede, interfere with, foil, thwart, frustrate, forestall, bar, stymie, check, balk or baulk, encumber, obstruct/ बाधा उत्पन्न करना 

7. lack n. want, deficiency, dearth, absence, scarcity, shortage, need, insufficiency, paucity, deficit, inadequacy/ कमी 

8. lacerate v. gash, cut, slash, tear, rip, claw, mangle, wound/ कट लगाना

9. infringe v. violate, contravene, break, disobey, transgress, overstep/ नियम तोड़ना 

10. remote adj. distant, far-away, far-off, outlying, inaccessible/ दूर का [Nishant]

11. interior adj. inside, internal, inner, inward/ अन्दरूनी 

12. factitious adj. fake, bogus, false, falsified, artificial, unreal, synthetic, fabricated, engineered, manufactured, spurious, counterfeit, sham, simulated, imitation, unauthentic, rigged/ फ़र्ज़ी/ नकली 

13. drunk adj. drunken, intoxicated, inebriated, besotted, tipsy, groggy, sotted, crapulent or crapulous/ नशे में 

14. lose v. mislay, misplace, displace, part with; suffer the loss of, be deprived of/ खो देना/ वंचित होना 

15. merit n. worth, worthiness, value, excellence, quality, virtue, goodness/ वैल्यू/ गुण/ कीमत [Nishant]

16. fog n. mist, haze, smog, cloud/ धुंध 

17. drifter n. vagrant, tramp, vagabond, beachcomber, rambler, wanderer/ बेवजह इधर उधर घूमने वाला 

18. drill v. bore, penetrate, pierce, cut a hole/ भेदना 

19. clean adj. pure, undefiled, unsullied, unmixed, unadulterated, uncontaminated, unpolluted, uninfected, unspoiled or unspoilt, sanitary, disinfected, antiseptic, decontaminated, purified, sterile/ जिसमे मिलावट न हो या जो संक्रमित या प्रदूषित न हो 

20. brittle adj. fragile, frangible, breakable, friable- जो आसानी से टूट जाये [Nishant]

21. avaricious adj. greedy, acquisitive, grasping, covetous- कुछ पाने का प्रबल इच्छुक 

22. Conciliatory adj. easy to deal with, pliant, yielding, compliant, friendly, complaisant- मिलनसार/ जो आसानी से बात मान ले 

23. oppose v. resist, counter, object (to), defy, take a stand against, withstand, resist, combat, contest, contend with or against- विरोध करना 

24. swiftly adv. fast, quickly, speedily, rapidly, expeditiously, briskly, hurriedly, hastily, suddenly, abruptly, in a flash, in a trice, in the wink of an eye- तेज़ 

25. transient adj. transitory, temporary, brief, fleeting, momentary, passing, ephemeral, fugacious, fugitive, evanescent, short-lived, short-term, impermanent- अस्थिर/ जो कुछ समय चले  [Nishant]

🏀🏀Section- 2

One word substitution:

1. Bunch (गुच्छा)= A group of flowers (and types of flowers such as roses, tulips), grapes, cherries (and other similar fruit), keys and so on.

2. Crowd (भीड़)= A group of people, onlookers, admirers, protesters, shoppers and so on.

3. Flock (झुण्ड)= A group of birds (and types of birds such as pigeons, geese) and so on. 

4. Gang (गैंग)= A group of workers, kids, youths, teenagers, thieves, criminals and so on.

5. Herd (झुण्ड)= A group of sheep, cattle, cows, goats, swine (and similar animals) and so on [Nishant]

6. Pack (पैक)= A group of  wolves, dogs, hyenas, cards, lies, fools and so on.

7. Set (सेट)= A group of glasses, cups, plates, keys, tools (and other objects which form a group because they share the same features), rules, standards and so on.

8. Shoaling= A large number of fish staying together for social reasons/ सामाजिक कारणों से मछलियों का एक साथ रहने वाला झुण्ड 

9. Schooling= A large number of fish swimming together in the same direction/ मछलियों का एक दिशा में गति करना 

10. Swarm (स्वार्म)= A group of bees, flies, locusts, ants (and other insects) and so on. [Nishant]

11. Team (टीम)= A group of scientists, researchers, experts, designers, detectives and so on.

12. Torrent (टोरेंट)= A sudden large or too large amount, especially one that seems to be uncontrolled/ A strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid

13. Cache (कैश)= A group of things that have been hidden in a secret place

14. Caravan (कारवां)= A group of people, typically with vehicles or animals travelling together

15. Clique (क्लीक)= An exclusive circle of people with a common purpose and do not welcome other people into that group [Nishant]

16. Claque= A group of people who admire and support a person very strongly and agree with what he or she says or does/ लोगों का ग्रुप जो किसी व्यक्ति को बहुत सराहते हों एवं उसकी हर बात से सहमत हों

17. Cortege= A funeral procession/ शवयात्रा 

18. Constellation= Any of the groups of stars in the sky that seem from earth to form a pattern and have been given names/ तारों का एक निश्चित पैटर्न में मौजूद समूह जिसका कोई नाम हो 

19. Drove= A herd or flock of animals being driven in a body/ जानवरों का झुण्ड जिसको एक साथ हांका जा रहा हो 

20. Flotilla= A group of small ships, usually military ships./ मिलिट्री जहाज़ों का समूह 

##Fleet= a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country's navy/ A group of vehicles, especially when they all belong to a particular organization or business, or when they are all going somewhere together [Nishant]

21. Board (बोर्ड)= A group of directors/ trustees/ examiners

22. Choir (क्वायर)= A group of singers 

23. Union (यूनियन)= A group of workers/ tradesmen

24. Patrol (पेट्रोल)= A group of policemen 

25. Staff (स्टाफ)= A group of officials/ servants [Nishant]

🏀🏀Section- 3

Idioms and phrases:

1. Go hand in hand= closely connected/ साथ चलना 

2. Play ducks and drakes with= to treat someone badly/ बुरा व्यवहार करना 

3. Sitting duck= an obvious or defenceless target/ vulnerable/ जो आसानी से प्रभावित हो जाये/ जिस पर आसानी से हमला हो जाए 

4. Lame duck= not successful and in need of help/ असफल, जिसको सहायता चाहिए हो 

5. Have a green thumb= unusual ability to make plants grow/ पौधे उगाने की क्षमता होना 

6. Rule of thumb= a broadly accurate guide or principle, based on practice rather than theory/ थ्योरेटिकल न होकर, कोई व्यावहारिक गाइड, उसूल, नियम  [Nishant]

7. Slap on the wrist= a mild punishment/ छोटी सज़ा 

8. Hoping against hope= cling to a mere possibility/ कुछ होने की उम्मीद बहुत कम होने पर भी उम्मीद बनाये रखना 

9. Cook someone’s goose= spoil someone's plan/ किसी का प्लान चौपट करना 

10. Save your skin= to avoid harm or injury/ नुकसान या चोट से बचना  [Nishant]

11. Thick-skinned= insensitive to criticism or insults/ जो आलोचना/ बेइज़्ज़ती के प्रति संवेदनशील न हो 

12. Thin-skinned= sensitive to criticism or insults/ आलोचना/ बेइज़्ज़ती के प्रति संवेदनशील 

13. Spit blood= be very angry/ बहुत गुस्सा होना 

14. Smell a rat= begin to suspect trickery or deception/ कुछ गलत भांपना

15. Dog days= the hottest period of the year/ वर्ष के सबसे गर्म दिन  [Nishant]

16. Dog eat dog= used to refer to a situation of fierce competition in which people are willing to harm each other in order to succeed/ इसका प्रयोग ऐसी सिचुएशन के लिए करते हैं जहाँ सफल होने के लिए एक व्यक्ति दूसरे को नुकसान पहुँचाने से परहेज़ नहीं करता है 

17. Till the cows come home- for an indefinitely long time/ लम्बे समय के लिये 

18. A shot in the dark= an attempt to guess something when you have no information or knowledge about the subject and therefore cannot possibly know what the answer is/ अँधेरे में तीर चलाना 

19. Win hands down= win very easily/ आसानी से जीतना 

20. Heavy-handed= Unjustly domineering/ किसी पर हावी होना, जो उचित न हो  [Nishant]

21. Left-handed compliment= An insult in the guise of an expression of praise- बेइज़्ज़ती जो तारीफ के रूप में की जाये 

22. Twist someone’s arm= to get someone to do what you want by making it very difficult for him or her to refuse- बाध्य करके काम कराना 

23. Butter fingers= a person who drops things they are carrying or trying to catch- जिसकी पकड़ से चीज़ें छूट जायें

24. Green fingers= natural ability in growing plants- पौधे उगाने की कुशलता 

25. Talk through your hat= talk foolishly, wildly, or ignorantly- बेवकूफी से, उत्तेजित होकर या अज्ञानता से बात करना  [Nishant]

🏀🏀Section- 4

Verb/ adj./ noun+ preposition combinations:

1. deck up- put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive/ अच्छा दिखने के लिए स्पेशल कपड़े पहनना  

2. allow for- to consider something when you are planning something/ कुछ प्लान करते समय ध्यान में रखना 

3. rip apart- to destroy sth completely/ पूरी तरह से नष्ट करना

4. cut up- to behave in a very active or silly way in order to make people laugh/दूसरों को हंसाने के लिए कोई हरकत करना 

5. bargain for- to expect or be prepared for sth/ कुछ होने के उम्मीद करना  [Nishant]

6. step down- to withdraw from one's position or occupation/ अपने पद से हट जाना

7. catch up- to get to the same point as somebody else/ बराबर पहुंचना 

8. check in- arrive and register at a hotel/ होटल में प्रवेश के समय रजिस्टर करना 

9. check out- leave a hotel/ look at carefully, investigate/ होटल* से बाहर निकलना/ ध्यान से देखना/ जांच- पड़ताल करना 

10. cut back on- consume less/ कुछ कम खाना/ पीना [Nishant]

11. come down with something- to fall ill/ बीमार पड़ना 

12. cross something out- draw a line through/ लाइन से काट देना 

13. drop in/ by/ over- come without an appointment/ बिना अपॉइंटमेंट के आना 

14. find something out- discover/ खोज करना  

15. go against somebody- compete, oppose/ प्रतिस्पर्धा करना/ विरोध करना  [Nishant]

16. come apart- separate/ अलग होना 

17. pull through- to become well again after illness/ बीमारी के बाद फिर से स्वस्थ होना

18. end up- eventually reach/do/decide/ अंततः कहीं पहुँचना या करना कुछ करना 

19. fill in/ out- to write information in blanks, as on a form/ ब्लैंक भरना 

20. give something away- ruin a secret/ give sth to sb for free/ कोई राज़ खोलना/ फ्री में देना  [Nishant]

21. yearn/ crave/ long/ pine+ for= have a desire for something or someone who is not present/ कुछ पाने की प्रबल इच्छा होना 

22. scold/ berate/ chide/ rebuke/ reprimand+ for= to criticize angrily someone who has done something wrong/ डांटना 

23. head for= to be destined for/ किसी अंजाम की ओर बढ़ना 

24. mistake sb for sb else= to confuse sb with sb else/ किसी को कोई और समझ लेना 

25. earmark for= to keep or plan to use something for a particular purpose/ कुछ किसी निश्चित उद्देश्य के लिये यूज़ करना/ बचाये रखना  [Nishant]

🏀🏀Section- 5

Confusing words:

1.Idol- मूर्ति/ व्यक्ति जो किसी का आदर्श हो 

2. Ideal- a perfect person, thing, situation etc./ आदर्श या परफेक्ट व्यक्ति, वस्तु, परिस्थिति इत्यादि

3. Idle- lazy/ sb who has nothing to do/ आलसी/ ठलुआ/ बेकार का 

4. Lie- untruth/ झूठ (LIE/ LIED/ LIED/ LYING)

5. Lie- to be in a horizontal position/ पड़ा होना/ लेटा होना (LIE/ LAY/ LAIN/ LYING)

##Lay- to put sth down/ कुछ नीचे रखना (LAY/ LAID/ LAID/ LAYING) [Nishant]

6. Cops (n.)- policemen/ पुलिसवाले (inf.)

7. Crops (n.)- the yield from plants/ फसलें 

8. Corps (n.)- an army unit comprising two or more units/ सेना की यूनिट जिसमें दो से अधिक डिवीज़न्स हों/ a body of people associated together/आपस में जुड़े लोगों का समूह 

9. Corpse (n.)- a human dead body/ किसी मानव का मृत शरीर 

##What is the difference between CARCASS and CADAVER?

10. Corpus (n.)- a collection of writings/ लेखों का संग्रह (pl. corpora) [Nishant]

11. Berry (n.)- small pulpy fruit/ छोटा पल्पी फ़्रूट 

12. Bury (v.)- put or hide underground/ ज़मीन में दफ़न करना 

13. Currant (n.)- type of berry, also of dried berry variety/ 

14. Current (n./adj.)- flow of water or electricity/ related to present/ पानी या तरल पदार्थ का फ्लो/ वर्तमान से सम्बंधित 

15. Bear (n./ v.)- type of large hairy animal/ tolerate/ भालू/ बर्दाश्त करना 

##Bare (adj.)- without covering/ empty/ बिना कवरिंग का/ नग्न/ खाली  [Nishant]

16. Feat- a notable achievement/ कोई नोटेबल उपलब्धि 

17. Feet- plural form of "foot"/ Foot का बहुवचन 

18. Groan- indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure/ दर्द, असहजता या नाखुशी दिखाना 

19. Grown- past participle form of "grow"/ Grow की v3 फॉर्म 

20. Addition- a quantity that is added/ जोड़ी गयी मात्रा 

##Edition- something a little different from others of the same time/ एक टाइप की चीज़ों से थोड़ा अलग [Nishant]

21. A.D. (n.)- anno Domini (The time period beginning with the supposed year of Christ's birth)/ वह अवधि जिसकी शुरुआत जीज़स के जन्म वाले वर्ष से हुई है!

22. Ad (n.)- advertisement/ विज्ञापन 

23. Add (v.)- Make an addition/ जोड़ना 

24. Aid (v./ n.)- to help/ sb or sth that helps/ सहायता करना/ सहायक व्यक्ति या वस्तु 

25. Aide- sb who acts as an assistant/ सहायक (व्यक्ति) [Nishant]

Thank you