Punctuation marks

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Question Mark (?)

  1. Questions

  2. Question Tags (QT)

  3. Requests / Orders (when phrased as questions)

Full Stop (.)

  1. End of a statement

  2. Sentence Fragments

  3. Shortenings / Abbreviations

  4. Contractions

  5. Decimals

  6. Initialisms

Comma (,)

  1. Before coordinating conjunctions (and, but, etc.)

  2. After introductory conjunctions

  3. After introductory prepositional phrases (Prep.)

  4. After Nominative Dependent Clauses (NDC)

  5. Between coordinate adjectives (Adj.)

  6. Before "and/or"

  7. After introductory adverbs

  8. Before Question Tags (QT)

  9. After "Yes" / "No"

  10. Direct Address

  11. Fillers / Parenthetical Expressions

  12. Before Reporting Speech

  13. After Reported Speech

  14. Dates

  15. Vocative Case

  16. Case in Apposition

  17. Nominative Absolute

  18. Oxford Comma

Colon (:)

  1. As Follows / Lists

  2. Explanation

  3. Reporting Speech

  4. Book Titles and Subtitles

  5. Time

  6. Formal Endings / Salutations

  7. Ratios

Semicolon (;)

  1. Between Independent Clauses

  2. Contrast

  3. Before Conjunctive Adverbs

  4. Separation in Complex Lists

Hyphen (-)

  1. Prefixes

  2. Suffixes

  3. Compound Adjective + Noun

  4. Compound Nouns

En Dash (–)

  1. Ranges

  2. Two-Word Adjectives

  3. Connection / Comparison

  4. Scores

Em Dash (—)

  1. Apposition

  2. In Place of a Colon

  3. Sudden Change in Tone

  4. Attributing Quotes

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